Attenuated hepatitis a virus vaccine which grows in MRC-5 cells

ABSTRACT

A live hepatitis A virus (HAV) adapted to grow in MRC- 5  cells is described, the HAV preferably characterized by suitable attenuation for effective vaccine administration to humans and animals without inactivation. Methods for adapting HAV to grow in MRC- 5  cells, vaccine compositions comprising the attenuated HAV, and methods of vaccinating humans against HAV infection are also described.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a 371 national phase filing of PCT/US93/08610, filed Sep. 17, 1993, which was a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/947,338, filed Sep. 18, 1992, now abandoned.

This invention was made with government support under certain Collaborative Research and Development Agreements awarded by the Department of Health and Human Services. The government has certain rights in this invention.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of vaccinal compositions useful in the prophylaxis of hepatitis A. More specifically, the invention provides a novel live hepatitis A virus (HAV), and recombinant and chimeric HAVs, the genomes of which are modified from that of their parental strain HM-175 to provide them with the ability to propagate in MRC-5 cells and retain appropriate attenuation for use as live vaccines in humans and other primates.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the United States, hepatitis A virus is the cause of approximately 25% of all clinical hepatitis cases, accounting for approximately 150,000 such cases. Populations at high risk of acquiring hepatitis A in industrialized countries include the socially disadvantaged, medical personnel, military personnel, staff and adult contacts of children in day-care centers, male homosexuals, drug addicts, and travelers to endemic areas.

In developing countries, virtually the entire population is infected with hepatitis A virus at an early age. Much of this invention results in subclinical and inapparent infection, but, as countries improve their hygienic conditions, infection with hepatitis A virus occurs at progressively older ages, resulting in a higher proportion of clinical disease. Thus, there is a paradoxical increase in clinical hepatitis A as the overall rate of infection diminishes. To successfully immunize against hepatitis A in the United States and in other industrialized countries as well as in developing countries, it will be necessary to vaccinate the entire pediatric population. There will be an increasing need for hepatitis A vaccines in such countries for the foreseeable future.

Research in HAV vaccines has focused on inactivated, or killed, viruses. However, in vaccine, therapy there are several advantages to a live vaccine, rather than an inactivated, vaccine. With a live vaccine, one can use a lower dosage and smaller number of doses, because a live vaccine replicates in the vaccines to produce more antigen and can stimulate the immune system of the vaccinee to make both IgA and IgM. Inactivated vaccines, such as the Salk polio vaccine, which stimulates production of IgG only in vaccinees, do not protect against infection by ingested virus, only against disease.

A major obstacle to the development of live, attenuated vaccine has been the difficulty in adapting HAV to a cell line that supports rapid viral growth and is licensed for vaccine production. Wild type hepatitis A virus (HAV) grows poorly in cell culture.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,532,215 and 4,636,469 describe, respectively, a strain of HAV designated HM-175 initially isolated from human feces of a patient in Melbourne, Australia, and adapted to passage in vitro in African green monkey kidney (AGMK) culture cells and methods for obtaining same by serial passaging. U.S. Pat. No. 4,620,978 describes a vaccine employing the HAV HM-175, triply cloned in AGMK cell culture and attenuated. U.S. Pat. No. 4,894,228 describes HM-175 Pass 35, which differs from wild-type HM-175 by nucleotide changes in the genome, is attenuated for chimpanzees, elicits serum neutralizing antibodies, and is suitable for use as an attenuated HAV vaccine. It discloses the complete nucleotide sequence of HAV, strain HM-175/7. See, also, B. C. Ross et al., J. Gen. Virol., 70:2805-2810 (1989); R. W. Jansen et al, Virol., 163:299-307 (1988); and Tedeschi et al, J. Med. Virol., (in press). The disclosure of these patents and articles are incorporated by reference herein.

N. Fineschi et al, J. Hepatol., 13(4):S146-S151 (1991) describes an HAV isolate, LSH/S, which is a candidate for an inactivated vaccine. It was adapted to grow in human diploid MRC-5 cells, a preferred licensed cell for vaccine development. This document compares only a small part of its nucleotide sequence to that of wild-type HM-175.

Provost et al, J. Med. Virol., 20:165-175 (1986) described the F and F′ variants of the CR326 hepatitis A virus strain. While it is reported to be immunogenic in volunteer vaccinees, the F variant also caused abnormal serum ALT levels in a substantial proportion of individuals.

Another recent publication from this group of investigators has described further work with the F′ variant [K. Midthun et al, J. Infect. Dis., 163:735-739 (1991)]. They observed that the immunogenicity of the F′ vaccine product is dose dependent, i.e., a 10^(7.3) TCID₅₀ evoked an antibody response in 100% of volunteers within 9 weeks after immunization whereas lower doses were immunogenic in a smaller percentage of volunteers, and anti-HAV was observed 4 to 6 months after immunization. Chinese investigators have recently described studies of a potential live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine prepared from the H2 strain of HAV [J. S. Mao et al, J. Infect. Dis., 159:621-624 (1989)]. Twelve volunteers received the vaccine by the subcutaneous route.

A live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine could have a significant impact on the eradication of the disease. It could be anticipated that a live attenuated vaccine which requires minimal purification and no adjuvant would be less costly than presently available inactivated hepatitis A vaccines.

There is a need in the art for methods and compositions for effective vaccination of humans and animals against hepatitis A.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the present invention provides a live hepatitis A virus adapted to growth in MRC-5 cells. This virus is preferably characterized by attenuation. The attenuated virus may be, recombinant or chimeric. More preferably, the HAV is characterized by suitable attenuation for effective vaccine administration to primates, preferably humans, without inactivation. The HAV may be characterized by containing one or more of fourteen specific nucleotides which differ from nucleotides in the same position in the genome of HAV HM-175, Pass 35.

In another aspect, the invention provides a vaccine useful for protecting humans or other primates against hepatitis A which vaccine contains at least one above-described HAV adapted to growth in MRC-5 cells. Preferably, the vaccine is effective in inducing a protective antibody response without adjuvant.

In still another aspect, the invention provides a method for protecting humans against hepatitis A virus infection which comprises administering to the human patient an effective amount of a vaccine composition of this invention.

In a further aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing a live HAV adapted to growth in MRC-5 cells by incorporating into a selected area of the genome of an HAV one or more of fourteen specific nucleotides. The HAV genome so modified is preferably HAV HM-175, Pass 35 or a related cell culture-adapted mutant.

In another embodiment, the HAV may be constructed using another HAV cDNA clone and inserting appropriate nucleotides into its genome. According to this method an attenuated, MRC-5-adapted HAV is provided without requiring further passaging in MRC-5 or other primate cell lines.

In still another aspect, the invention provides polynucleotide sequences encoding the recombinant or chimeric HAVs described above. Preferably these sequences are cDNAs useful as master seeds for vaccine preparation.

Other aspects and advantages of the present invention are described further in the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a graph plotting anti-HAV antibody production vs. time (weeks) vs. ALT and ICD levels for the chimpanzee studies with Virus 4380 and subsequent challenge with wild-type HAV, as described in Example 1. These results were obtained from a chimpanzee that was infected with the attenuated HAV at time 0 and challenged with virulent virus at week 28.

FIG. 2 is a graph plotting anti-HAV antibody production vs. time (weeks) vs. ALT and ICD levels for the chimpanzee studies with Virus 4380 and subsequent challenge with wild-type HAV, as described in Example 1. The conditions were the same as for FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a graph plotting anti-HAV antibody production vs. time (weeks) vs. ALT and ICD levels for the chimpanzee studies with Virus 4380 and subsequent challenge with wild-type HAV, as described in Example 1. The conditions were the same as for FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a graph plotting anti-HAV antibody production vs. time (weeks) vs. ALT and ICD levels for the chimpanzee studies with Virus 4380 and subsequent challenge with wild-type HAV, as described in Example 1. These results were obtained from the chimpanzee that was not infected with the attenuated HAV, and therefore developed hepatitis following challenge with the virulent virus. The conditions were the same as for FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a bar graph of endpoint dilutions of several of the chimeric viruses, Viruses #2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, listed in Table VI.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides hepatitis A virus (HAV) adapted to growth in the human fibroblast-like cell line, MRC-5, a cell substrate suitable for commercial production and licensing of inactivated and live, attenuated hepatitis A vaccines. In addition to such adapted HAVs, the invention provides a method for adapting a selected HAV to growth in that human cell line and preparing an MRC-5-adapted, attenuated HAV without passaging in other primate cells. The HAV of this invention and the preparative method also preferably provides the HAV with sufficient attenuation to enable its efficacy as a vaccine for humans and animals.

Although the prior art discloses other candidate vaccine strains of hepatitis A virus which have been adapted to growth in human diploid fibroblasts, the genetic changes in the virus genome necessary and sufficient for such adaptation have not been characterized. Thus, these strains cannot be manipulated in vitro to assure a reproducible and fully-characterized vaccine product.

The present invention is based on the wild-type HAV, strain HM-175, which is described in detail in the above-cited and incorporated art [Cohen et al., J. Virol., 61:50-59 (1987); SEQ ID NO:1 and 2]. Briefly described, the wild type, infectious HAV HM-175 virus was previously adapted to growth in primary African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cells at 37° C. After 26 passages in AGMK, the virus was cloned three times in AGMK cells by serial dilution, then passage three more times to provide passage 32 (P-32). P-32 was found to be attenuated as described in R. A. Karron et al, J. Infec. Dis., 157:338-345 (1988).

The P-32 virus described above was passaged three more times in AGMK, and molecularly clones. The virus that was cloned was called P-35 and the full-length clone was referred to as pHAV/7. pHAV/7 is an infectious cDNA clone of the virus that can be maintained in a monoclonal state and amplified at will with diminished risk of spontaneous mutations. The resulting P-35 virus grew well in fetal rhesus monkey kidney (FRhK) cells and minimally in human fibroblastoid lung cells (MRC-5).

U.S. Pat. No. 4,894,228 and Cohen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 84:2497-2501 (1987) provide the HAV nucleotide sequences of wild-type HAV strain HM-175 (see, FIG. 1 of the patent; SEQ ID NO:1 and 2) and the nucleotide differences between HAV HM-175, Pass 35, clone pHAV/7 and the wild-type sequence [SEQ ID NO:1]. Thus, these documents, incorporated by reference, provide the sequence of pHAV/7, P-35. The nucleotide numbers used herein to which the mutations of this invention correspond (Tables I and VI below) are the nucleotide numbers assigned to positions of the wild-type sequence of FIG. 1 [SEQ ID NO:1 and 2] from U.S. Pat. No. 4,894,228 containing the mutations for P-35. Note that the nucleotides deleted in P-35 are assigned the nucleotide position of the wild-type sequence [SEQ ID NO:1]. Thus, for example, nucleotide position 131 represents a nucleotide that was deleted between wild-type and P-35. The P-35 cDNA, i.e., HAV/HM-175/7, is on deposit at the American Type Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. under Accession No. 67495, deposited Aug. 7, 1987. One of skill in the art can readily construct the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of P-35 by use of the above-cited art.

Thereafter the P-32 AGMK cell-adapted and attenuated virus was further manipulated to enable it to be adapted for growth in MRC-5 cells, so that it is available for large scale vaccine production. Passage 32 was double plaque cloned in MRC-5 to form Passage 37. Passage 37 was passaged once in MRC-5 of a selected clone 24-4-21. The resulting Passage 38 was passaged three times in MRC-5 cells, resulting in Passage 41, the master seed, designated 87J19. This master seed virus stock was also called virus 4380, and is referred to throughout this disclosure by the latter name.

Live attenuated virus HAV 4380, was deposited on Apr. 4, 1990 at the Collection Nationale de Cultures de Microorganismes, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris CEDEX 15 under Accession No. I-936. The deposited HAV 4380 virus has the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3.

TTCAAGAGGG GTCTCCGGGA ATTTCCGGAG TCCCTCTTGG AAGTCCATGG TGAGGGGACT 60 TGATACCTCA CCGCCGTTTG CCTAGGCTAT AGGCTAAATT TTCCCTTTCC CTTTTCCCTT 120 TCCCATTCCC TTTTGCTTGT AAATATTGAT TCCTGCAGGT TCAGGGTTCT TAAATCTGTT 180 TCTCTATAAG AACACTCATT TTCACGCTTT CTGTCTTCTT TCTTCCAGGG CTCTCCCCTT 240 GCCCTAGGCT CTGGCCGTTG CGCCCGGCGG GGTCAACTCC ATGATTAGCA TGGAGCTGTA 300 GGAGTCTAAA TTGGGGACAC AGATGTTTGG AACGTCACCT TGCAGTGTTA ACTTGGCTTT 360 CATGAATCTC TTTGATCTTC CACAAGGGGT AGGCTACGGG TGAAACCTCT TAGGCTAATA 420 CTTCTATGAA GAGATGCCTT GGATAGGGTA ACAGCGGCGG ATATTGGTGA GTTGTTAAGA 480 CAAAAACCAT TCAACGCCGG AGGACTGACT CTCATCCAGT GGATGCATTG AGTGGATTGA 540 CTGTCAGGGC TGTCTTTAGG CTTAATTCCA GACCTCTCTG TGCTTGGGGC AAACATCATT 600 TGGCCTTAAA TGGGATTCTG TGAGAGGGGA TCCCTCCATT AACAGCTGGA CTGTTCTTTG 660 GGGTCTTATG TGGTGTTTGC CGCTGAGGTA CTCAGGGGCA TTTAGGTTTT TCCTCATTCT 720 TAAATAATA  ATG AAC ATG TCT AGA CAA GGT ATT TTC CAG ACT GTT GGG AGT 771 GGT CTT GAC CAC ATC CTG TCT TTG GCA GAC ATT GAG GAA GAG CAA ATG 819 ATT CAA TCA GTT GAT AGG ACT GCA GTG ACT GGT GCT TCT TAT TTT ACT 867 TCT GTG GAT CAA TCT TCA GTT CAT ACA GCT GAG GTT GGA TCA CAC CAG 915 GTT GAA CCT TTG AGA ACC TCT GTT GAT AAA CCC GGT TCA AAG AGG ACT 963 CAG GGA GAG AAA TTT TTC TTG ATT CAT TCT GCA GAT TGG CTT ACT ACA 1011 CAT GCT CTT TTC CAT GAA GTT GCA AAA TTG GAT GTG GTG AAA TTA TTA 1059 TAC AAT GAG CAG TTT GCT GTT CAA GGG TTG TTG AGA TAC CAT ACA TAT 1107 GCA AGA TTT GGC ATT GAA ATT CAA GTT CAG ATA AAC CCT ACA CCT TTC 1155 CAA CAG GGG GGA TTG ATC TGT GCT ATG GTT CCT GGT GAC CAG AGC TAT 1203 GGT TCT ATA GCA TCA TTG ACT GTT TAT CCT CAT GGT TTG TTA AAT TGC 1251 AAT ATT AAC AAT GTG GTT AGA ATA AAG GTT CCA TTT ATT TAC ACA AGA 1299 GGT GCT TAC CAC TTT AAA GAT CCA CAA TAC CCA GTT TGG GAA TTG ACA 1347 ATT AGA GTT TGG TCA GAA TTA AAT ATT GGG ACA GGA ACT TCA GCT TAT 1395 ACT TCA CTC AAT GTT TTA GCT AGA TTT ACA GAT TTG GAG TTG CAT GGA 1443 TTA ACT CCT CTT TCT ACA CAA ATG ATG AGA AAT GAA TTT AGG GTC AGT 1491 ACT ACT GAG AAT GTG GTG AAT CTG TCA AAT TAT GAA GAT GCA AGA GCA 1539 AAG ATG TCT TTT GCT TTG GAT CAG GAA GAT TGG AAA TCT GAT CCG TCC 1587 CAG GGT GGT GGG ATC AAA ATT ACT CAT TTT ACT ACT TGG ACA TCT ATT 1635 CCA ACT TTG GCT GCT CAG TTT CCA TTT AAT GCT TCA GAC TCA GTT GGT 1683 CAA CAA ATT AAA GTT ATT CCA GTT GAC CCA TAT TTT TTC CAA ATG ACA 1731 AAT ACA AAT CCT GAC CAA AAA TGT ATA ACT GCT TTG GCT TCT ATT TGT 1779 CAG ATG TTT TGT TTT TGG AGA GGA GAT CTT GTC TTT GAT TTT CAA GTT 1827 TTT CCC ACC AAA TAT CAT TCA GGT AGA TTA CTG TTT TGT TTT GTT CCT 1875 GGC AAT GAG CTA ATA GAT GTT TCT GGA ATC ACA TTA AAG CAA GCA ACT 1923 ACT GCT CCT TGT GCA GTA ATG GAT ATT ACA GGA GTG CAG TCA ACT TTG 1971 AGA TTT CGT GTT CCC TGG ATT TCT GAC ACT CCT TAC AGA GTG AAC AGG 2019 TAT ACA AAG TCA GCA CAT CAG AAA GGT GAG TAC ACT GCC ATT GGG AAG 2067 CTT ATT GTG TAT TGT TAT AAC AGA TTG ACC TCT CCT TCT AAC GTT GCT 2115 TCC CAT GTC AGA GTG AAT GTT TAT CTT TCA GCA ATT AAC TTG GAA TGT 2163 TTT GCT CCT CTT TAT CAT GCT ATG GAT GTT ACT ACA CAA GTT GGA GAT 2211 GAT TCT GGA GGT TTT TCA ACA ACA GTT TCT ACA GAA CAG AAT GTT CCA 2259 GAT CCC CAA GTT GGT ATA ACA ACC ATG AAA GAT TTG AAA GGA AAA GCT 2307 AAC AGA GGG AAA ATG GAT GTT TCA GGA GTA CAA GCA CCT GTG GGA GCT 2355 ATC ACA ACA ATT GAG GAT CCA GTT TTA GCA AAG AAA GTA CCT GAG ACA 2403 TTT CCT GAA TTG AAA CCT GGA GAA TCC AGA CAT ACA TCA GAT CAT ATG 2451 TCC ATC TAC AAG TTT ATG GGA AGG TCT CAT TTC TTG TGC ACT TTT ACA 2499 TTC AAT TCA AAT AAT AAA GAG TAC ACA TTT CCT ATA ACC TTG TCT TCA 2547 ACC TCT AAT CCT CCT CAT GGT TTG CCA TCA ACA CTG AGG TGG TTT TTC 2595 AAC TTG TTT CAG TTG TAT AGA GGG CCT TTA GAT CTG ACA ATT ATT ATT 2643 ACA GGA GCA ACT GAT GTA GAT GGC ATG GCC TGG TTC ACT CCA GTA GGT 2691 CTT GCC GTT GAT ACT CCT TGG GTA GAG AAG GAG TCA GCT TTG TCT ATT 2739 GAC TAT AAA ACT GCT CTT GGA GCT GTC AGA TTT AAC ACA AGG AGA ACA 2787 GGG AAC ATT CAG ATT AGA TTA CCA TGG TAT TCT TAT TTA TAT GCT GTG 2835 TCT GGA GCA CTG GAT GGT TTG GGA GAC AAG ACA GAT TCT ACA TTT GGA 2883 TTG GTT TCT ATT CAG ATT GCA AAT TAC AAT CAT TCT GAT GAA TAC TTG 2931 TCT TTT AGT TGT TAT TTG TCT GTC ACA GAA CAA TCA GAG TTT TAT TTT 2979 CCC AGA GCT CCA TTG AAC TCA AAT GCC ATG TTA TCC ACT GTA ACA ATG 3027 ATG AGC AGA ATT GCA GCT GGA GAC TTG GAG TCA TCA GTG GAT GAT CCT 3075 AGA TCA GAG GAA GAT AAA AGA TTT GAG AGT CAT ATA GAA TGC AGG AAG 3123 CCA TAT AAA GAA CTG AGA TTA GAA GTT GGG AAA CAA AGA CTC AAG TAT 3171 GCT CAG GAA GAA TTG TCA AAT GAA GTA CTT CCA CCC CCT AGG AAA ATG 3219 AAG GGA CTG TTT TCA CAA GCC AAA ATT TCT CTT TTT TAT ACT GAG GAG 3267 CAT GAA ATA ATG AAG TTT TCC TGG AGA GGT GTG ACT GCT GAT ACT AGA 3315 GCT TTA AGG AGG TTT GGA TTC TCT TTG GCC GCA GGC AGA AGT GTG TGG 3363 ACT CTT GAA ATG GAT GCT GGG GTT CTT ACT GGG AGA CTG ATT AGA TTG 3411 AAT GAT GAG AAA TGG ACA GAA ATG AAG GAT GAC AAG ATT GTT TCA TTG 3459 ATT GAA AAG TTT ACA AGT AAC AAA TAT TGG TCC AAA GTG AAT TTC CCA 3507 CAT GGG ATG TTG GAT CTT GAA GAA ATT GCT GCC AAT TCT AAG GAT TTT 3555 CCT AAC ATG TCT GAA ACG GAT TTG TGT TTC TTG CTG CAT TGG TTA AAT 3603 CCA AAG AAA ATT AAT TTA GCA GAT AGA ATG CTT GGA TTG TCT GGA GTT 3651 CAG GAA ATT AAA GAA CAA GGT GTT GGA TTA ATA GCA GAG TGT AGA ACT 3699 TTC TTA GAT TCT ATT GCT GGA ACT TTA AAA TCT ATG ATG TTT GGA TTT 3747 CAT CAT TCT GTG ACT GTT GAA ATT ATA AAC ACT GTG CTC TGT TTT GTT 3795 AAG AGT GGA ATT TTG CTT TAT GTA ATA CAA CAA TTG AAT CAG GAT GAA 3843 CAT TCT CAC ATA ATT GGT TTG TTG AGA GTC ATG AAT TAT GTA GAT ATT 3891 GGT TGT TCA GTT ATT TCA TGT GCC AAA GTT TTT TCC AGA ATG CTG GAA 3939 ACA GTC TTT AAT TGG CAA ATG GAC TCC AGA ATG ATG GAG TTA AGG ACT 3987 CAG AGT TTT TCC AAC TGG TTA AGA GAT ATT TGT TCT GGG ATC ACC ATT 4035 TTC AAA AAC TTC AAG GAT GCA ATT TAT TGG CTT TAT ACA AAA TTA ATG 4083 GAC TTT TAT GAA GTG AAT TAT GGC AAG AAG AAG GAC ATT TTA AAT ATT 4131 CTT AAA GAT AAC CAA CAA AAA ATA GAG AAA GCC ATT GAG GAA GCC GAT 4179 AAA TTT TGC ATT TTG CAA ATC CAA GAT GTG GAA AAA TCT GAA CAG TAT 4227 CAG AAA GGG GTT GAC TTG ATA CAA AAA TTG AGA ACT GTT CAT TCA ATG 4275 GCT CAG GTT GAT CCA AAT TTA ATG GTT CAT TTG TCA CCT TTG AGA GAT 4323 TGT ATA GCA AGA GTT CAT CAG AAA CTT AAA AAC CTT GGA TCT ATA AAT 4371 CAG GCA ATG GTA ACG AGA TGT GAG CCA GTT GTT TGT TAT TTT TAT GGC 4419 AAA AGA GGG GGA GGA AAG AGC TTA ACA TCA ATT GCA TTG GCA ACC AAA 4467 ATT TGT AAA CAT TAT GGT GTT GAG CCT GAA AAG AAT ATC TAT ACT AAA 4515 CCT GTG GCT TCA GAT TAC TGG GAT GGA TAT AGT GGA CAA TTA GTT TGC 4563 ATC ATT GAT GAT ATT GGC CAA AAC ACA ACA GAT GAG GAT TGG TCA GAT 4611 TTT TGT CAG TTA GTG TCA GGA TGT CCT ATG AGA TTA AAC ATG GCC TCT 4659 CTT GAG GAG AAG GGT AGG CAT TTT TCT TCT CCT TTT ATA ATA GCA ACT 4707 TCA AAT TGG TCA AAT CCA AGT CCA AAA ACA GTT TAT GTT AAG GAA GCA 4755 ATT GAC CGC AGA CTC CAT TTC AAG GTT GAA GTT AAA CCT GCT TCA TTT 4803 TTC AAA AAT CCT CAC AAT GAT ATG TTG AAT GTT AAT TTA GCT AAA ACA 4851 AAT GAT GCA ATC AAA GAT ATG TCT TGT GTT GAT TTG ATA ATG GAT GGA 4899 CAT AAT GTT TCA TTG ATG GAT TTG CTC AGT TCT TTA GTC ATG ACA GTT 4947 GAA ATT AGA AAA CAA AAC ATG ACT GAA TTC ATG GAG TTG TGG TCT CAG 4995 GGA ATT TCA GAT GAT GAT AAT GAT AGT GCA GTA GCT GAG TTT TTC CAG 5043 TCT TTT CCA TCT GGT GAA CCA TCG AAC TCT AAA TTA TCT GGC TTT TTC 5091 CAA TCT GTT ACT AAT CAC AAG TGG GTT GCT GTG GGA GCT GCA GTT GGC 5139 GTT CTT GGA GTG CTC GTT GGA GGA TGG TTT GTG TAT AAG CAT TTC TCC 5187 CGC AAA GAG GAA GAA CCA ATC CCA GCT GAA GGG GTA TAT TAT GGT GTA 5235 ACT AAG CCC AAG CAA GTG ATT AAA TTA GAT GCA GAT CCA GTA GAA TCT 5283 CAG TCA ACT TTG GAA ATA GCA GGA CTG GTT AGG AAG AAC TTG GTT CAG 5331 TTT GGA GTT GGA GAG AAG AAT GGA TGT GTG AGA TGG GTT ATG AAT GCC 5379 TTG GGA GTG AAA GAT GAT TGG CTG CTT GTG CCT TCC CAT GCT TAT AAA 5427 TTT GAG AAA GAT TAT GAA ATG ATG GAG TTT TAT TTT AAT AGA GGT GGA 5475 ACT TAC TAT TCA ATT TCA GCT GGT AAT GTT GTT ATT CAA TCT TTG GAT 5523 GTG GGA TTC CAG GAT GTT GTT CTG ATG AAG GTT CCT ACA ATT CCT AAG 5571 TTT AGA GAT ATT ACT CAG CAT TTT ATT AAG AAA GGG GAT GTG CCT AGA 5619 GCT TTG AAT CGC CTG GCA ACA TTA GTG ACA ACT GTA AAT GGA ACC CCT 5667 ATG TTA ATT TCT GAG GGC CCA CTA AAG ATG GAA GAG AAA GCT ACT TAT 5715 GTT CAT AAG AAA AAT GAT GGT ACA TCA GTT GAT TTA ACT GTG GAT CAG 5763 GCA TGG AGA GGA AAA GGC GAA GGT CTT CCT GGA ATG TGT GGT GGG GCC 5811 TTG GTT TCA TCG AAT CAA TCT ATA CAG AAT GCA ATC TTG GGC ATC CAT 5859 GTT GCT GGA GGA AAT TCA ATT CTT GTT GCA AAA TTG GTT ACT CAA GAA 5907 ATG TTC CAA AAT ATT GAT AAG AAA ATT GAA AGT CAG AGA ATT ATG AAA 5955 GTG GAG TTT ACT CAG TGT TCA ATG AAT GTG GTC TCC AAA ACG CTT TTT 6003 AGA AAG AGT CCC ATT TAT CAT CAC ATT GAT AAA ACC ATG ATT AAT TTT 6051 CCT GCA GCT ATG CCC TTT TCT AAA GCT GAA ATT GAT CCA ATG GCT GTG 6099 ATG TTA TCT AAG TAT TCA TTA CCT ATT GTA GAA GAA CCA GAG AAT TAT 6147 AAA GAG GCT TCA ATT TTT TAT CAA AAT AAA ATA GTG GGT AAG ACT CAG 6195 TTA GTT GAT GAT TTT CTA GAT CTT GAT ATG GCC ATT ACA GGG GCC CCA 6243 GGA ATT GAT GCT ATC AAC ATG GAT TCA TCT CCT GGA TTT CCT TAT GTC 6291 CAG GAG AAG TTG ACC AAA AGA GAT TTA ATT TGG TTG GAT GAA AAT GGT 6339 TTA TTG CTG GGA GTT CAT CCA AGA TTG GCT CAG AGA ATC TTA TTC AAT 6387 ACT GTC ATG ATG GAA AAT TGT TCT GAT TTG GAT GTT GTT TTT ACA ACC 6435 TGT CCA AAA GAT GAA TTG AGA CCA TTA GAG AAA GTG TTG GAA TCA AAA 6483 ACA AGA GCT ATT GAT GCT TGT CCT CTG GAT TAC ACA ATT TTG TGC CGA 6531 ATG TAT TGG GGT CCA GCT ATT AGT TAT TTT CAT TTG AAT CCA GGT TTC 6579 CAT ACA GGT GTT GCT ATT GGC ATA GAT CCT GAT AGA CAG TGG GAT GAA 6627 TTA TTT AAA ACA ATG ATA AGA TTC GGA GAT GTT GGT CTT GAT TTA GAT 6675 TTC TCT GCT TTT GAT GCT AGT CTT AGT CCA TTT ATG ATT AGA GAA GCA 6723 GGT AGA ATC ATG AGT GAA CTA TCT GGA ACT CCA TCC CAT TTT GGC ACA 6771 GCT CTT ATC AAT ACT ATC ATT TAT TCC AAG CAT TTG CTG TAT AAC TGT 6819 TGT TAC CAT GTC TGT GGT TCA ATG CCC TCT GGG TCT CCT TGT ACA GCT 6867 TTG CTA AAT TCA ATT ATT AAT AAT GTC AAT TTG TAC TAT GTG TTT TCC 6915 AAG ATA TTT GGA AAG TCT CCA GTT TTC TTT TGT CAG GCT TTG AAG ATT 6963 CTC TGT TAT GGA GAT GAT GTT TTA ATA GTT TTC TCT CGA GAT GTT CAG 7011 ATT GAT AAT CTT GAT TTG ATT GGA CAA AAA ATT GTA GAT GAG TTT AAG 7059 AAA CTT GGC ATG ACA GCT ACT TCT GCT GAC AAG AAT GTA CCT CAG CTG 7107 AAA CCA GTT TCG GAA TTG ACT TTT CTC AAA AGA TCT TTC AAT TTG GTA 7155 GAG GAT AGA ATT AGA CCT GCA ATT TCG GAA AAA ACA ATT TGG TCT TTA 7203 ATA GCA TGG CAG AGA AGT AAC GCT GAG TTT GAG CAG AAT TTA GAA ATT 7251 GCT CAG TGG TTT GCT TTT ATG CAT GGC TAT GAG TTT TAT CAG AAA TTT 7299 TAT TAT TTT GTT CAG TCC TGT TTG GAG AAA GAG ATG ATA GAA TAC AGA 7347 CTT AAA TCT TAT GAT TGG TGG AGA ATG AGA TTT TAT GAC CAG TGT TTC 7395 ATT TGT GAC CTT TCA TGA TTTGTTTAAA CGAATTTTCT TAAAATTTCT 7443 GAGGTTTGTT TATTTCTTTT ATCAGTAAAT AAAAAAAAAA AAA 7486

This deposit was made under the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms and has not been publicly disseminated. HAV 4380 is a cell culture-adapted and attenuated strain of hepatitis A virus strain HM-175, adapted to growth in a human fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) suitable for vaccine development by incubation at a reduced temperature of 32-35° C. Growth of the virus is determined by detection of viral antigen in a serological assay. The adapted virus is purified by plaque-purification, using an accepted method (radioimmunofocus assay).

After a total of nine passages in MRC-5 cells at reduced temperature, the resultant virus was characterized for its biological characteristics in cell culture and in two primate species that are considered to be surrogates for man, i.e., marmosets and chimpanzees. See, e.g., Example 1 below. The HAV 4380 virus was found to be temperature-sensitive (i.e., only grew at reduced temperatures) in MRC-5 cells but was still capable of growing at 37° C. in primary African green monkey kidney cells. The virus was further attenuated in virulence, compared to the parent virus HM-175, P-32, when tested in chimpanzees and marmoset monkeys, in which species the virus replicated poorly or not at all. This reduced capacity for replication in primates was further confirmed in human volunteers, as described in Example 2.

A candidate inactivated hepatitis A vaccine was prepared from the HAV 4380 and demonstrated to be safe (i.e., it does not produce hepatitis or other serious adverse effects) and immunogenic in humans. It was also found to induce antibody production without adjuvant. HAV 4380, as it currently exists, grows well in a cell substrate suitable for commercial vaccine production. It also does not infect human beings when administered by the oral or intravenous route at doses of up to 10⁷ tissue culture infectious doses, even when not inactivated. HAV 4380 is suitable for use as a live HAV vaccine in humans. However, as indicated in Example 2, vaccine 4380 is believed to be somewhat over-attenuated, because it is not infectious, which characteristic reduces its efficiency when used as an attenuated vaccine.

In order to produce other vaccine candidates which are maximized for desirable levels of attenuation and good growth in MRC-5 cells, the inventors discovered genetic changes that occurred in the genome of the MRC-5-adapted HAV 4380 virus that altered its growth characteristics and made it more suitable for vaccine production than the related AGMK-adapted virus HM-175, Passage 35. The discovery of the following mutations in the nucleotide sequences in 4380, when compared to HM-175 Pass 35 [Cohen et al, cited above; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,894,228, FIG. 1; permit the manipulation of the HAV genome by genetic engineering techniques.

Thus, knowledge of the genomic differences between the AGMK-adapted passages of HM-175 and the more attenuated 4380 permit the construction of chimeric viruses having the improved growth characteristics, i.e., rapid and efficient growth in MRC-5 cell culture, but with a level of attenuation of virulence for primate species, including man, that will permit the virus to replicate efficiently without producing hepatitis or other untoward effects. This invention permits the design of a chimeric HAV that can achieve the optimum characteristics for a candidate live-attenuated hepatitis A vaccine. Such a virus will also permit the design of preferred inactivated vaccine candidates, if desired. The present invention identifies the mutations that are believed to have occurred during adaptation to growth of the HM-175 HAV, passage 32, strain in MRC-5 cells. One or a combination of these mutations are responsible for MRC-5 cell adaptation and overattenuation in HAV 4380. The nucleotide sequence of the MRC-5 cell-adapted virus HAV 4380 was compared with that of the AGMK-adapted, HM-175 virus, passage 35, clone 7. Nucleotide consensus sequences were determined directly from polymerase chain reaction products.

The inventors have discovered that there are at least sixteen unique nucleotide differences between the pass-35 HM-175/7 virus and the MRC-5-adapted virus 4380. Table I lists these sixteen mutations by nucleotide differences and resulting amino acid (AA) differences, if any, acquired by the MRC-5 adapted virus HAV 4380. Note that the partial sequence of LHS/S HAV of Fineschi et al., cited above, overlaps with only the mutation observed at position 5145.

In the Table, A represents adenine, G represents guanine, C represents cytosine, and T represents thymine; Leu represents leucine, Phe represents phenylalanine, Ile represents isoleucine, Val represents valine, Ser represents serine, Lys represents lysine, Asn represents asparagine and Thr represents threonine.

TABLE I Difference in Nucleotide Sequence of MRC-5-Adapted Hepatitis A Virus: Comparison with Sequence of HM-175/7 (P-35) Nucleotide Region of Change Genome AA Change 591 A to G 5′ nc NA 646 G to A 5′ nc NA 669 C to T 5′ nc NA 687 T to G 5′ nc NA 2750 C to T VP1 No change 3027 T to A 2A Ser to Thr 3196 G to A 2A Ser to Asn 3934 A to G 2B Lys to Arg 4418 A to T 2C Leu to Phe 4563 A to G 2C Ile to Val 4643 A to T 2C No change 5145 A to G 3A Ile to Val 5745 A to T 3C Thr to Ser 6908 T to C 3D No change 7032 C to T 3D No change 7255 A to T 3D Asn to Ile

New HAV vaccine candidates are designed by introducing one or more of these nucleotides into an HAV at a nucleotide position homologous to the nucleotide position in the genomic sequence of the AGMK-adapted virus HM-175, Pass 35. These nucleotides identified in Table I may be introduced at analogous and/or homologous nucleotide positions to those of P-35 in the genomic sequences of other HAV strains and variants to produce a recombinant or chimeric HAV of this invention. By the phrase “analogous or homologous nucleotide position” is meant a nucleotide in an HAV other than HAV HM-175, Pass 35 which is present in the same viral region, e.g., 2C, 3D and the like, at a position in that region similar to that of the nucleotide of Table I. In other words, the nucleotide position may differ in position number due to deletions in other regions of the virus; but one of skill in the art can readily determine its functional similarity to the nucleotide position in HM-175, Pass 35.

While such nucleotide positions may not have the identical nucleotide position numbers corresponding to the wild-type HM-175 [SEQ ID NO:1], it is anticipated that these analogous and/or homologous positions can be readily identified to enable HAVs other than strain HM-175 derivatives to be modified to create novel HAVs according to this invention.

Similarly, the inventors are able to manipulate the genome of a progenitor or intermediate of HAV 4380 with resort to this knowledge and can thereby ‘reverse’ certain mutations in 4380 to create new chimeric HAV viruses. One or more of these nucleotides, or varying combinations thereof, can be incorporated, by chimera formation or oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, into an HAV strain, most readily the cDNA clone HAV/HM-175/7, to produce new viable virus which has acquired the ability to grow in MRC-5 cells. Other HM-175 HAV derivatives are available from the American Type Culture Collection under ATCC designation numbers VR 2089, VR 2090, VR 2091, VR 2092, VR 2093, VR 2097, VR 2098, and VR 2099. These and other HAVs may be employed to derive desired HAVs of this invention. Since there are indications that the MRC-5-adapted virus 4380 may be over-attenuated for humans, it is important to be able to remove or introduce selected mutations into HM-175. The construction of nine exemplary chimeric viruses containing one or more such mutations is described in detail in Example 3 below.

The mutagenic and genetic engineering techniques employed to construct chimeric or recombinant HAVs which incorporate one or more of these mutations are conventional and known to those of skill in the art [see, for example, Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual, 2d edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1989)]. Other conventional techniques, including polymerase chain reactions and chemical synthetic techniques may also be used to design HAVs of this invention. Similarly, it is anticipated that homologous mutations may be made using other HM-175 passages. It also may be possible to adapt similar changes to HAV strains other than HM-175 by introducing these nucleotides into homologous regions.

Chimeric and recombinant viruses of this invention may be designed by application of similar techniques and selecting one or more different combinations of the nucleotides (mutations) appearing in Tables I and VI. For example, data from growth analyses of the chimeric viruses of Example 3 demonstrate that one or more of the four MRC-5 specific mutations in the 5′ non-coding region (mutations at nucleotide positions 591, 646, 669, and 687 of HM-175/7) and one or both of the MRC-5 specific mutations in the 2C region (mutations at nucleotide positions 4418 and 4643 of HM-175/7) may be desirable for optimal growth of the virus in MRC-5 cells. Other mutations may also be involved. Specific exemplary chimeric HAVs of this invention are characterized by the mutations in the genome of HAV HM-175/7 that appear in viruses designated #2 through #10 in Table VI of Example 3 below.

HAVs of this invention may be characterized by the presence of one or more of these nucleotides of Tables I or VI in analogous genomic positions of HAV HM-175 derivatives or other HAV strains. HAVs of this invention may also be characterized by two or more such nucleotides, where one nucleotide in the HAV parent strain is a guanine (G) at position 5145 of pHAV/7 or the analogous position of another HAV strain.

It is further anticipated that additional mutations may appear in a few regions of HAV that have yet to be sequenced. The mutations appearing in Table I may be incorporated in any combination, and/or with other mutations yet to be identified to construct a number of chimeric or recombinant HAVs with desired characteristics for use as live HAV vaccines.

Additional chimeras and recombinant viruses constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis may be designed and evaluated for assessment of the individual effects of the mutations and combinations thereof on viral growth in MRC-5 cells and on adaptation to growth in selected cell culture. The attenuation phenotype of these chimeric viruses may be evaluated in marmosets or chimpanzees by techniques such as described below in Example 1 for HAV 4380.

Also provided by this invention are the polynucleotide sequences encoding the HAVs of this invention. Such polynucleotide sequences are preferably cDNA sequences, which can form a master seed for the HAV vaccine. A cDNA sequence of this invention comprises a DNA sequence encoding a selected HAV genome characterized by the presence of one or more of the nucleotides identified as the twelve mutations in Table I in any desired combination which imparts desired characteristics to the novel HAV. Such cDNAs may be obtained by conventional techniques known to those of skill in the art. See, e.g., Sambrook et al, cited above, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,894,228.

Thus, the present invention provides a live vaccine composition useful in protecting against HAV infection and a prophylactic method entailing administering to a primate, preferably a human, an effective amount of such a composition. This vaccine composition may contain one or more of the HAVs of the invention, including HAV 4380, as well as the chimeric and recombinant HAVs described herein. The vaccine composition may also contain mixtures of two or more of the HAVs, if desired.

A vaccinal composition may be formulated to contain a carrier or diluent and one or more of the HAVs of the invention. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers facilitate administration of the viruses but are physiologically inert and/or nonharmful. Carriers may be selected by one of skill in the art. Exemplary carriers include sterile saline, lactose, sucrose, calcium phosphate, gelatin, dextrin, agar, pectin, peanut oil, olive oil, sesame oil, and water. Additionally, the carrier or diluent may include a time delay material, such as glycerol monostearate or glycerol distearate alone or with a wax. In addition, slow release polymer formulations can be used.

Optionally, the vaccine composition may further contain preservatives, chemical stabilizers, other antigenic proteins, and conventional pharmaceutical ingredients. Suitable ingredients which may be used in a vaccinal composition in conjunction with the viruses include, for example, casamino acids, sucrose, gelatin, phenol red, N-Z amine, monopotassium diphosphate, lactose, lactalbumin hydrolysate, and dried milk. Typically, stabilizers, adjuvants, and preservatives are optimized to determine the best formulation for efficacy in the target human or animal. Suitable preservatives include chlorobutanol, potassium sorbate, sorbic acid, sulfur dioxide, propyl gallate, the parabens, ethyl vanillin, glycerin, phenol, parachlorophenol.

A vaccine composition of this invention is most preferably produced without an adjuvant. However, where necessary, one or more of the above described vaccine component may be admixed or adsorbed with a conventional adjuvant. The adjuvant is used as a non-specific irritant to attract leukocytes or enhance an immune response. Such adjuvants include, among others, mineral oil and water, aluminum hydroxide, Amphigen, Avridine, L121/squalene, D-lactide-polylactide/glycoside, pluronic plyois, muramyl dipeptide, killed Bordetella, saponins, and Quil A.

Alternatively, or in addition to the HAV of the invention, other agents useful in treating HAV infection, e.g., immunostimulatory agents, are expected to be useful in reducing and eliminating disease symptoms. The development of vaccine or therapeutic compositions containing these agents is within the skill of one of skill in the art in view of the teaching of this invention.

According to the method of the invention, a human or an animal may be vaccinated against HAV infection by administering an effective amount of a vaccine composition described above. An effective amount is defined as that amount of HAV vaccine capable of inducing protection in the vaccinee against HAV infection and/or against hepatitis. The vaccine may be administered by any suitable route. Such a composition may be administered parenterally, preferably intramuscularly or subcutaneously. However, it may also be formulated to be administered by any other suitable route, including orally.

Suitable effective amounts of the HAVs of this invention can be determined by one of skill in the art based upon the level of immune response desired. Such a composition may be administered once, and/or a booster may also be administered. However, suitable dosage adjustments may be made by the attending physician or veterinarian depending upon the age, sex, weight and general health of the human or animal patient.

Similarly, suitable doses of the vaccine composition of the invention can be readily determined by one of skill in the art. The dosage can be adjusted depending upon the human patient or the animal species being treated, i.e. its weight, age, an general health.

The following examples illustrate the preferred methods for obtaining HAVs of the invention and using them as vaccine compositions. These examples are not intended to limit the scope thereof.

EXAMPLE 1 Test of MRC-5-Adapted HAB 4380 Vaccine in Marmosets and Chimpanzees

The attenuation of hepatitis A virus (HAV), strain HM-175, by serial passage in cell culture has previously been demonstrated. Following 32 passages in primary AGMK cells, the virus was completely attenuated for chimpanzees and almost completely attenuated for marmosets. Subsequently, according to this invention the virus was adapted to growth in MRC-5 cells and recloned by plaque purification.

HAV 4380 was prepared from Volunteer lot 87J19, passage level 41 of strain HM-175 HAV that was derived from previously characterized passage levels of the virus that have also been prepared as volunteer pools. Two such earlier passage pools were shown to be attenuated for chimpanzees and marmosets. However, neither was administered to volunteers because it was recognized that primary African green monkey kidney cells, the substrate for those volunteer pools, would not be available in sufficient quantities to produce an economically viable vaccine. Therefore, the virus was adapted to MRC-5 cells and further passaged to prepare volunteer lot 87J19 or HAV 4380.

The purpose of this experiment is to test the level of attenuation of this virus for marmosets and chimpanzees, prior to phase I trials in volunteers. Lot 87J19 was tested for safety and immunogenicity in four chimpanzees and four Saquinus mystax marmosets. Two additional marmosets served as uninoculated controls. The chimpanzees used in this study were bred and raised in captivity; the marmosets were wild-caught animals. An inoculum of 10⁴ TCID₅₀ of candidate vaccine lot 87J19 was administered intravenously to each animal. Residual inoculum was frozen and the titer reconfirmed subsequently in two different laboratories.

According to the experimental protocol, marmosets identified by the arbitrary ID numbers 570, 572, 566, and 575 and chimpanzees identified by the arbitrary ID numbers 1300, 1333, 1309 and 1313 received an inoculum of HAV 4380 from Clone 25-4-21, Lot 87 J 19575, 17/11/87 at a dose and route of administration of 10⁻³ dilution/1 ml/I.V. Marmosets No. 541 and 578 received a diluent at a dose and route of 1 ml/I.V.

A. Infection:

Three of four chimpanzees and one of four marmosets were infected, as determined by development of anti-HAV detectable by commercial radioimmunoassay (HAVAB, Abbot Laboratories, Chicago, Ill.). The chimpanzees seroconverted ten to eleven weeks following inoculation; the single marmoset seroconversion occurred eight weeks following inoculation. This marmoset subsequently died on week eleven of the study and another, noninfected, marmoset subsequently died on week fourteen, but neither death was attributable to the inoculum.

All three chimpanzees that seroconverted also developed IgM anti-Hav. Two of these, Chip 1309 and Chimp 1313, developed IgM anti-HAV on weeks ten and thirteen, respectively, when tested by the standard HAVAB-M (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, Ill.) at a final serum dilution of 1:4,000. When sera were tested at a dilution of 1:40, Chimp 1313 and Chimp 1333 seroconverted at weeks nine and five, respectively. The HAVAB-M test is a capture assay utilization anti-human IgM and has not been standardized for use with sera from primates less closely related to man than to the chimpanzee. For this reason, the marmosets were not tested for IgM anti-HAV.

B. Biochemistry:

Biochemical evidence of hepatitis was monitored by weekly determinations of serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and isocitric dehydrogenase (ICD). The former is the most reliable indirect means of diagnosing hepatitis in the chimpanzee and the latter is comparably sensitive for evaluating marmosets. None of the chimpanzees or marmosets had elevation of liver enzymers attributable to the inoculum. All values for chimpanzees were within normal limits. The only infected marmoset, number 582, had normal liver enzymes up to the time of its death. Marmosets 566, 570, and 578 each had one or more abnormal liver enzyme values, but the first two of these animals were not infected by the inoculum, as judged by failure to seroconvert, and the third was an uninoculated negative control.

Marmosets often have less stable liver enzyme values than chimpanzees, in part because they are, by nature, relatively fragile animals and because they are jungle-caught and therefore usually infected with a variety of endo- and ecto-parasites, including microfilaria.

C. Histology:

Histologic sections prepared from serial weekly liver biopsies obtained from the chimpanzees and marmosets were evaluated under code for histopathologic changes. Although some animals had a high base-line of histopathologic changes, none of the animals had evidence of histopathologic changes more severe than those seen in preinoculation biopsies. Equally important, there were no histologic changes that were temporally related to seroconversion in infected animals. The two marmosets that died were subjected to more extensive evaluation. Both animals had evidence of systemic disease that was probably etiologically related to their deaths, but histologic changes in the liver were diagnostic of chronic, not acute, disease and therefore not related to the inoculum.

A comparison of histopathologic changes observed in chimpanzees and marmosets with these various volunteer pools and wild-type virus was performed. See Tables II and III below.

TABLE II HISTOPATHOLOGY: CHIMPANZEES Liver Histopathology Range of Inoculum* # Inoc. # Infected # Severity** W.T. 4 4 4 ±-3+ P-21 6 6 1 0-3+ P-32 6 6 0 0 MRC-5 4 3 0 0 *Dose: 10³-10⁵ ID₅₀ IV **Scale of 0-3+

TABLE III HISTOPATHOLOGY: MARMOSETS Liver Histopathology Range of Inoculum* # Inoc. # Infected # Severity** W.T. 4 4 4 1+-2+ P-21 8 8 8 1+-3+ P-32 5 5 3 0-2+ MRC-5 4 1 0 0 *Dose: 10³-10⁵ ID₅₀ IV **Scale of 0-3+

Lot 87J19 appears to be more attenuated than the other volunteer pools or wild-type virus, based upon infectivity and severity of histopathologic changes.

D. Immunofluorescence:

Serial snap-frozen liver biopsies obtained from infected animals were evaluated for expression of viral antigen by immunofluorescence. Only one animal, Chimp 1313, was definitely but weakly positive for intrahepatic viral antigen. This animal was positive for only one week. These results were compared with those obtained in the previous study of other volunteer pools and wild-type virus. As seen in Tables IV and V, intrahepatic replication was further diminished in both chimpanzees and marmosets when compared with the AGMK-grown virus and wild-type virus.

TABLE IV VIRAL REPLICATION IN THE LIVER: MARMOSETS (IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE) Mean Mean Inoculum* # Inoc. # Infected Peak Duration (wks) W.T. 4 4 2.5+ 12.2 P-21 8 8 1+ 3.5 P-32 5 5 <1+ 2.4 MRC-5 4 1 0 0 *Dose: 10³-10⁵ ID₅₀ I.V.

TABLE V VIRAL REPLICATION IN THE LIVER: CHIMPANZEES (IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE) Mean Mean Inoculum* # Inoc. # Infected Peak Duration (wks) W.T. 4 4 1+ 1.8 P-21 6 6 <1+ 0.5 P-32 6 6 <1+ 0.6 MRC-5 4 3 <1+ 0.3 *Dose: 10³-10⁵ ID₅₀ I.V.

E. Protection:

Although the single infected marmoset on study died, all four chimpanzees were available for challenge with wild-type parent HAV to determine if the levels of anti-HAV present in infected animals were protective. Consequently, the three infected and one uninfected animals were challenged with approximately 10³ chimpanzee infectious doses of wild-type HM-175 strain HAV (human stool suspension), administered intravenously (FIGS. 1 through 4).

All three previously infected chimpanzees were protected against type A hepatitis, as measured by persistently normal serum enzyme values (FIGS. 1 through 3). All three protected animals had an anamnestic antibody response to the challenge virus, suggesting that there was limited replication. In contrast, the previously uninfected chimpanzee developed high enzyme values diagnostic of hepatitis following challenge with wild-type virus (FIG. 4). Thus, volunteer pool 87J19 produced an inapparent infection in chimpanzees that stimulated protection against subsequent challenge with virulent wild-type virus.

The results of these portions of the experiment demonstrate that volunteer pool 87J19 of HAV 4380, strain HM-175 (adapted to MRC-5 cells) was significantly more attenuated for chimpanzees and marmosets than its parent, HAV, strain HM-175 (AGMK, Pass-32). It is clear from these studies that HAV 4380, strain HM-175 volunteer pool 87J19, is highly attenuated for chimpanzees and marmosets which are accepted surrogates for man in the study of hepatitis A viruses.

EXAMPLE 2 Clinical Study of Volunteers

In this clinical trial, volunteers received increasing titers of the liver attenuated hepatitis A vaccine 4380, volunteer pool 87J19, which was previously tested in chimpanzees and marmosets as described in Example 1. These pre-clinical studies demonstrated that the vaccine was safe, immunogenic, and efficacious in experimental animal models.

Volunteers were admitted to a closed clinical ward at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, For Detrick, Md. Eight volunteers received the live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine (1 ml) by the oral route in the following manner: two received a 10⁴ TCID₅₀ dose, tow a 10⁵ TCID₅₀ dose, two a 10⁶ TCID₅₀ dose, and two a 10⁷ TCID₅₀ dose. Six volunteers received the vaccine by the intramuscular route in the deltoid area in the following manner: 2 received a 10⁵ TCID₅₀ dose, 2 a 10⁶ TCID₅₀ dose and 2 a 10⁷ TCID₅₀ dose.

Each volunteer remained on the ward for three days after immunization. Local or systemic side effects were monitored during the admission period and for 12 weeks following the immunization. Volunteers were asked to return at 6 and 12 months for serological follow-up.

Sera were obtained prior to immunization and once a week for the next 12 weeks. In volunteers who completed the appropriate follow-up time, sera were also obtained at 6 and 12 months after initial administration of vaccine. Serum specimens were tested for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and antibody to hepatitis A. ALT was tested with a Kodak EKTA Chem 700XR analyzer (Rochester, N.Y.); normal values were 0 to 50 IU/ml. Antibody to hepatitis A was tested by four different methods, including a commercial radioimmunoassay (HAVAB, Abbott Laboratories, N. Chicago, Ill.). Second, an enzyme-linked immunoassay developed by SmithKline Beecham (SKB-ELISA), which was more sensitive than the standard HAVAB, in which a level of ≧20 milli-International Units (mIU) was considered positive. Selected sera were tested by the RIFIT (radioimmunofocus) assay for neutralizing antibody to hepatitis A. With this test, a serum titer of 23 1:10 was considered positive [S. M. Lemon et al, J. Infect. Dis., 148:1033-1039 (1983)]. Finally sera were tested for IgM anti-HAV by commercial radioimmunoassay (HAVAB-M, Abbott Laboratories, N. Chicago, Ill.).

Stools were collected from the volunteers two to three times per week for the first 12 weeks and were tested for the presence of hepatitis A virus by radioimmunoassay [R. H. Purcell et al, J. Immunol., 116:349-356 (1976)] and molecular biology techniques [J. Ticehurst et al, J. Clin. Microbiol., 25:1822-1829 (1987)].

All volunteers remained healthy during the follow-up period (14 weeks to one year). No systemic complaints were present immediately after immunization or during long-term follow-up. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels remained normal in all 14 individuals during the period of observation.

Antibody to hepatitis A was not observed in any of the eight volunteers who received the vaccine by the oral route or in the two volunteers who received the 10⁵ TCID₅₀ dose by the intramuscular route. The four volunteers who received higher doses of vaccine (10⁶ TCID₅₀ or 10⁷ TCID₅₀) all had detectable antibody by the SKB ELISA as early as 3 weeks after immunization. Detectable levels persisted for the 12 weeks of observation. Selected sera tested for neutralizing antibody had titers ranging from 1:10 to 1:40 in a volunteer who received a 10⁶ dose and 1:40 to 1:2560 in a volunteer who received a 10⁷ TCID₅₀ dose. The commercial HAVAB assay detected anti-HAV in only one of the volunteers, who received the 10⁷ dose. IgM anti-HAV was not detected in any of the volunteers who received the vaccine orally. Sera from volunteers who received 10⁷ TCID₅₀ I.M. had detectable IgM anti-HAV.

Stools from all volunteers who received the oral vaccine were negative for hepatitis A virus, while those from volunteers who had received the vaccine by intramuscular route are in the process of being tested.

Although only a small number of volunteers received the vaccine orally, it appeared that the vaccine is not immunogenic by this route. This is likely due to over-attenuation of the virus, although other causes, such as inactivation in the gastrointestinal tract or too small an inoculum, should be considered. The vaccine was safe and immunogenic by the intramuscular route at doses of 10⁶ and 10⁷ TCID₅₀. The antibody response was prompt: anti-HAV was observed within 3 weeks of immunization, persisted during the period of observation, and did not diminish in titer. Such a response to one single inoculation of a preparation which lacked an adjuvant, is remarkable. If indeed, anti-HAV persists for a long time after one dose, the logistics of administration of this product would be much simpler and more successful than with present hepatitis A vaccines. The presence of IgM anti-HAV in volunteers who received 10⁷ TCID₅₀ without evidence of hepatitis is suggestive of asymptomatic replication of the virus.

EXAMPLE 3 Construction of Chimeric Viruses

Several exemplary chimeric viruses were generated to evaluate the effect of several of the mutations of Table I on host range and/or attenuation in primates. The sequence of the MRC-5-adapted virus 4380 was obtained using reverse-transcriptase:polymerase chain reaction (RT:PCR) to amplify regions of the virus as cDNA prior to sequencing (hence T instead of U in Table VI below). Numbers 2-10 in Table VI designate chimeric viruses made by inserting mutations found in the MRC-5-adapted virus 4380 into the cDNA clone of pHAV/7 encoding the attenuated HM-175 virus, Pass 35, of Cohen et al., J. Virol., 61:3035-3039 (1987). Mutations introduced by “chimera” means a portion of the 4380 virus genome was amplified by RT:PCR, digested with specific restriction enzymes and the fragment used to replace the homologous fragment in the cDNA clone pHAV/7. Mutations introduced by mutagenesis were inserted by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the cDNA clone pHAV/7 using the Amersham mutagenesis protocol.

The chimeric cDNAs were transcribed into RNA in vitro and the nucleic acids (both RNA and DNA) transfected into FRhK-4 cells to generate chimeric viruses. Quantification of chimeric virus growth for the exemplary chimeras was performed by slot-blot assay.

Table VI reports the results of the construction and testing of nine chimeric viruses. As used in Table VI, the following terms are defined: Cell culture refers to virus containing indicated mutations selected by growth in MRC-5 cells. Mutagenesis refers to oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of P-35 or HM-175 cDNA clones. A chimeric viral genome refers to the construction of a chimeric viral genome using portions of P-35 cDNA clone and PCR-generated fragments of the MRC-5 cell-adapted virus 4380. ND means that this study has not yet been performed. The + symbol refers to virus that has some growth in that cell type. The − symbol refers to virus that has little or no growth in that cell type. The two cell types employed to test the growth of the chimeric viruses are the human lung fibroblast-like cell line MRC-5 and fetal rhesus monkey kidney epithelial-like cell line, FRhK-4. Note that Virus #1 in the Table refers to MRC-5-adapted HAV 4380. Viruses #2 through 10 are chimeric viruses of this invention.

TABLE VI Differences in Nucleotide Sequence of MRC-5-Adapted Hepatitis A Virus: Comparison with P-35 HM-175 Virus Growth of Nucleotide Method Mutated Virus Differences Mutation in Cell Cultures from P-35 HM-175 Introduced FRhK-4 MRC-5 Virus #1 (MRC-5-adapted) Cell Culture + + 591 A to G 646 G to A 669 C to T 687 T to G 2750 C to T 3027 T to A 3196 G to A 3934 A to G 4418 A to T 4563 A to G 4643 A to T 5145 A to G 5745 A to T 6908 T to C 7032 C to T 7255 A to T Virus #2 Chimera + + 591 A to G 646 G to A 669 C to T 687 T to G Virus #3 Chimera + + 124 C to T 131 d to T 132 d to T 133 d to T 134 d to G 152 G to A 203-207 d to T 591 A to G 646 G to A 669 C to T 687 T to G Virus #4 Chimera + + 591 A to G 646 G to A 669 C to T 687 T to G 4418 A to T 4563 A to G 4643 A to T Virus #5 Chimera + + 124 C to T 131 d to T 132 d to T 133 d to T 134 d to T 152 G to A 203-207 d to T 591 A to G 646 G to A 669 C to T 687 T to G 4418 A to T 4563 A to G 4643 A to T Virus #6 Chimera + − 4418 A to T 4563 A to G 4643 A to T Virus #7 Chimera Mutagenesis + ND 591 A to G 4418 A to T 4563 A to G 4643 A to T Virus #8 Chimera Mutagenesis + ND 646 G to A 4418 A to T 4563 A to G 4643 A to T Virus #9 Chimera Mutagenesis + ND 669 C to T 4418 A to T 4563 A to G 4643 A to T Virus #10 Chimera Mutagenesis + ND 687 T to G 4418 A to T 4563 A to G 4643 A to T d = Base at this position deleted in P-35 compared to wild-type

Introduction of four mutations found in the 5′ noncoding region, at nucleotide positions 591, 646, 669, and 687 of the P-35 genome, appear to be important for HAV host range in cell culture. They allow some growth of the transfected virus in MRC-5 cells, but do not account entirely for MRC-5 cell culture adaptation.

Introduction of three mutations, at nucleotides 4418, 4563 and 4643 in the 2C region of the MRC-5-adapted virus, with the 5′ mutations allow full growth in MRC-5 cells. Thus the four mutation in the 5′ noncoding region and the three mutations in the 2C region of the genome of the MRC-5 cell-adapted of this virus to efficient growth in MRC-5 cells. Introduction of only the three mutations in the 2 C region into the P-35 AGMK genome does not permit discernible growth of the transfected virus in MRC-5 cells.

EXAMPLE 4 Comparison of End Point Dilution of Chimeric Viruses in FRhK-4 Versus MRC-5 Cells

Chimeric viruses with the composition described in Table VI were serially diluted in ten-fold increments, and an equal aliquot of each dilution was plated onto FRhK-4 and MRC-5 cells. After 21 days incubation at 34.5° C. to permit virus growth, the cells were lysed by the addition of a buffer solution containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. The viral RNA was extracted with phenol and quantified by slot blot hybridization using a [^(32p)]-labeled riboprobe specific for hepatitis A virus. A radioautograph of the slot blot obtained from the FRhK-4 cells and from the MRC-5 cells illustrates that the endpoint dilution of the MRC-5-adapted virus was the same in both cell lines, indicating that this virus can grow in either cell line. In contrast, the P35 HM-175 virus had an endpoint dilution of 10⁻⁵ on FRhK-4 cells and <10⁻¹ on MRC-5 cells, demonstrating that this virus is unable to grow successfully on MRC-5 cells. As FIG. 5 illustrates, virus #6 was most like the pass 35 virus while virus #4 was most like the MRC-5 adapted virus and viruses #2, 3, and 5 were intermediate. These results show that certain mutations from the MRC-5-adapted virus can be introduced into the pHAV/7 cDNA clone to generate new viruses which also have acquired the ability to grow in MRC-5 cells.

Numerous modifications and variations of the present invention are included in the above-identified specification and are expected to be obvious to one of skill in the art. Such modifications and alterations to the compositions and processes of the present invention are believed to be encompassed in the scope of the claims appended hereto.

4 1 7493 DNA WILD-TYPE HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS, STRAIN HM-175 CDS (735)..(7415) 1 ttcaagaggg gtctccggga atttccggag tccctcttgg aagtccatgg tgaggggact 60 tgatacctca ccgccgtttg cctaggctat aggctaaatt ttccctttcc cttttccctt 120 tcctattccc tttgttttgc ttgtaaatat taattcctgc aggttcaggg ttcttaaatc 180 tgtttctcta taagaacact catttttcac gctttctgtc ttctttcttc cagggctctc 240 cccttgccct aggctctggc cgttgcgccc ggcggggtca actccatgat tagcatggag 300 ctgtaggagt ctaaattggg gacacagatg tttggaacgt caccttgcag tgttaacttg 360 gctttcatga atctctttga tcttccacaa ggggtaggct acgggtgaaa cctcttaggc 420 taatacttct atgaagagat gccttggata gggtaacagc ggcggatatt ggtgagttgt 480 taagacaaaa accattcaac gccggaggac tgactctcat ccagtggatg cattgagtgg 540 attgactgtc agggctgtct ttaggcttaa ttccagacct ctctgtgctt agggcaaaca 600 tcatttggcc ttaaatggga ttctgtgaga ggggatccct ccattgacag ctggactgtt 660 ctttggggcc ttatgtggtg tttgcctctg aggtactcag gggcatttag gtttttcctc 720 attcttaaat aata atg aac atg tct aga caa ggt att ttc cag act gtt 770 Met Asn Met Ser Arg Gln Gly Ile Phe Gln Thr Val 1 5 10 ggg agt ggt ctt gac cac atc ctg tct ttg gca gac att gag gaa gag 818 Gly Ser Gly Leu Asp His Ile Leu Ser Leu Ala Asp Ile Glu Glu Glu 15 20 25 caa atg att caa tca gtt gat agg act gca gtg act ggt gct tct tat 866 Gln Met Ile Gln Ser Val Asp Arg Thr Ala Val Thr Gly Ala Ser Tyr 30 35 40 ttt act tct gtg gat caa tct tca gtt cat aca gct gag gtt gga tca 914 Phe Thr Ser Val Asp Gln Ser Ser Val His Thr Ala Glu Val Gly Ser 45 50 55 60 cac cag gtt gaa cct ttg aga acc tct gtt gat aaa ccc ggt tca aag 962 His Gln Val Glu Pro Leu Arg Thr Ser Val Asp Lys Pro Gly Ser Lys 65 70 75 aag act cag gga gag aaa ttt ttc ttg att cat tct gca gat tgg ctt 1010 Lys Thr Gln Gly Glu Lys Phe Phe Leu Ile His Ser Ala Asp Trp Leu 80 85 90 act aca cat gct ctt ttc cat gaa gtt gca aaa ttg gat gtg gtg aaa 1058 Thr Thr His Ala Leu Phe His Glu Val Ala Lys Leu Asp Val Val Lys 95 100 105 tta tta tac aat gag cag ttt gct gtt caa ggg ttg ttg aga tac cat 1106 Leu Leu Tyr Asn Glu Gln Phe Ala Val Gln Gly Leu Leu Arg Tyr His 110 115 120 aca tat gca aga ttt ggc att gaa att caa gtt cag ata aac cct aca 1154 Thr Tyr Ala Arg Phe Gly Ile Glu Ile Gln Val Gln Ile Asn Pro Thr 125 130 135 140 cct ttc caa cag ggg gga ttg atc tgt gct atg gtt cct ggt gac cag 1202 Pro Phe Gln Gln Gly Gly Leu Ile Cys Ala Met Val Pro Gly Asp Gln 145 150 155 agc tat ggt tct ata gca tca ttg act gtt tat cct cat ggt ttg tta 1250 Ser Tyr Gly Ser Ile Ala Ser Leu Thr Val Tyr Pro His Gly Leu Leu 160 165 170 aat tgc aat att aac aat gtg gtt aga ata aag gtt cca ttt att tac 1298 Asn Cys Asn Ile Asn Asn Val Val Arg Ile Lys Val Pro Phe Ile Tyr 175 180 185 aca aga ggt gct tac cac ttt aaa gat cca caa tac cca gtt tgg gaa 1346 Thr Arg Gly Ala Tyr His Phe Lys Asp Pro Gln Tyr Pro Val Trp Glu 190 195 200 ttg aca att aga gtt tgg tca gaa tta aat att ggg aca gga act tca 1394 Leu Thr Ile Arg Val Trp Ser Glu Leu Asn Ile Gly Thr Gly Thr Ser 205 210 215 220 gct tat act tca ctc aat gtt tta gct aga ttt aca gat ttg gag ttg 1442 Ala Tyr Thr Ser Leu Asn Val Leu Ala Arg Phe Thr Asp Leu Glu Leu 225 230 235 cat gga tta act cct ctt tct aca caa atg atg aga aat gaa ttt agg 1490 His Gly Leu Thr Pro Leu Ser Thr Gln Met Met Arg Asn Glu Phe Arg 240 245 250 gtc agt act act gag aat gtg gtg aat ctg tca aat tat gaa gat gca 1538 Val Ser Thr Thr Glu Asn Val Val Asn Leu Ser Asn Tyr Glu Asp Ala 255 260 265 aga gca aag atg tct ttt gct ttg gat cag gaa gat tgg aaa tct gat 1586 Arg Ala Lys Met Ser Phe Ala Leu Asp Gln Glu Asp Trp Lys Ser Asp 270 275 280 ccg tcc cag ggt ggt ggg atc aaa att act cat ttt act act tgg aca 1634 Pro Ser Gln Gly Gly Gly Ile Lys Ile Thr His Phe Thr Thr Trp Thr 285 290 295 300 tct att cca act ttg gct gct cag ttt cca ttt aat gct tca gac tca 1682 Ser Ile Pro Thr Leu Ala Ala Gln Phe Pro Phe Asn Ala Ser Asp Ser 305 310 315 gtt ggt caa caa att aaa gtt att cca gtt gac cca tat ttt ttc caa 1730 Val Gly Gln Gln Ile Lys Val Ile Pro Val Asp Pro Tyr Phe Phe Gln 320 325 330 atg aca aat acg aat cct gac caa aaa tgt ata act gct ttg gct tct 1778 Met Thr Asn Thr Asn Pro Asp Gln Lys Cys Ile Thr Ala Leu Ala Ser 335 340 345 att tgt cag atg ttt tgt ttt tgg aga gga gat ctt gtc ttt gat ttt 1826 Ile Cys Gln Met Phe Cys Phe Trp Arg Gly Asp Leu Val Phe Asp Phe 350 355 360 caa gtt ttt ccc acc aaa tat cat tca ggt aga tta ctg ttt tgt ttt 1874 Gln Val Phe Pro Thr Lys Tyr His Ser Gly Arg Leu Leu Phe Cys Phe 365 370 375 380 gtt cct ggc aat gag cta ata gat gtt tct gga atc aca tta aag caa 1922 Val Pro Gly Asn Glu Leu Ile Asp Val Ser Gly Ile Thr Leu Lys Gln 385 390 395 gca act act gct cct tgt gca gta atg gat att aca gga gtg cag tca 1970 Ala Thr Thr Ala Pro Cys Ala Val Met Asp Ile Thr Gly Val Gln Ser 400 405 410 act ttg aga ttt cgt gtt ccc tgg att tct gac act cct tac aga gtg 2018 Thr Leu Arg Phe Arg Val Pro Trp Ile Ser Asp Thr Pro Tyr Arg Val 415 420 425 aac agg tat aca aag tca gca cat cag aaa ggt gag tac act gcc att 2066 Asn Arg Tyr Thr Lys Ser Ala His Gln Lys Gly Glu Tyr Thr Ala Ile 430 435 440 ggg aag ctt att gtg tat tgt tat aac aga ttg acc tct cct tct aac 2114 Gly Lys Leu Ile Val Tyr Cys Tyr Asn Arg Leu Thr Ser Pro Ser Asn 445 450 455 460 gtt gct tcc cat gtc aga gtg aat gtt tat ctt tca gca att aac ttg 2162 Val Ala Ser His Val Arg Val Asn Val Tyr Leu Ser Ala Ile Asn Leu 465 470 475 gaa tgt ttt gct cct ctt tat cat gct atg gat gtt act aca caa gtt 2210 Glu Cys Phe Ala Pro Leu Tyr His Ala Met Asp Val Thr Thr Gln Val 480 485 490 gga gat gat tct gga ggt ttt tca aca aca gtt tct aca gaa cag aat 2258 Gly Asp Asp Ser Gly Gly Phe Ser Thr Thr Val Ser Thr Glu Gln Asn 495 500 505 gtt cca gat ccc caa gtt ggt ata aca acc atg aaa gat ttg aaa gga 2306 Val Pro Asp Pro Gln Val Gly Ile Thr Thr Met Lys Asp Leu Lys Gly 510 515 520 aaa gct aac aga ggg aaa atg gat gtt tca gga gta caa gca cct gtg 2354 Lys Ala Asn Arg Gly Lys Met Asp Val Ser Gly Val Gln Ala Pro Val 525 530 535 540 gga gct atc aca aca att gag gat cca gtt tta gca aag aaa gta cct 2402 Gly Ala Ile Thr Thr Ile Glu Asp Pro Val Leu Ala Lys Lys Val Pro 545 550 555 gag aca ttt cct gaa ttg aaa cct gga gaa tcc aga cat aca tca gat 2450 Glu Thr Phe Pro Glu Leu Lys Pro Gly Glu Ser Arg His Thr Ser Asp 560 565 570 cat atg tcc atc tac aag ttt atg gga agg tct cat ttc ttg tgc act 2498 His Met Ser Ile Tyr Lys Phe Met Gly Arg Ser His Phe Leu Cys Thr 575 580 585 ttt aca ttc aat tca aat aat aaa gag tac aca ttt cct ata acc ttg 2546 Phe Thr Phe Asn Ser Asn Asn Lys Glu Tyr Thr Phe Pro Ile Thr Leu 590 595 600 tct tca acc tct aat cct cct cat ggt ttg cca tca aca ctg agg tgg 2594 Ser Ser Thr Ser Asn Pro Pro His Gly Leu Pro Ser Thr Leu Arg Trp 605 610 615 620 ttt ttc aac ttg ttt cag ttg tat aga ggg cct tta gat ctg aca att 2642 Phe Phe Asn Leu Phe Gln Leu Tyr Arg Gly Pro Leu Asp Leu Thr Ile 625 630 635 att att aca gga gca act gat gta gat ggc atg gcc tgg ttc act cca 2690 Ile Ile Thr Gly Ala Thr Asp Val Asp Gly Met Ala Trp Phe Thr Pro 640 645 650 gta ggt ctt gcc gtt gat act cct tgg gta gag aag gag tca gct ttg 2738 Val Gly Leu Ala Val Asp Thr Pro Trp Val Glu Lys Glu Ser Ala Leu 655 660 665 tct att gac tac aaa act gct ctt gga gct gtc aga ttt aac aca agg 2786 Ser Ile Asp Tyr Lys Thr Ala Leu Gly Ala Val Arg Phe Asn Thr Arg 670 675 680 aga aca ggg aac att cag att aga tta cca tgg tat tct tat tta tat 2834 Arg Thr Gly Asn Ile Gln Ile Arg Leu Pro Trp Tyr Ser Tyr Leu Tyr 685 690 695 700 gct gtg tct gga gca ctg gat ggt ttg ggt gac aag aca gat tct aca 2882 Ala Val Ser Gly Ala Leu Asp Gly Leu Gly Asp Lys Thr Asp Ser Thr 705 710 715 ttt gga ttg gtt tct att cag att gca aat tac aat cat tct gat gaa 2930 Phe Gly Leu Val Ser Ile Gln Ile Ala Asn Tyr Asn His Ser Asp Glu 720 725 730 tac ttg tct ttt agt tgt tat ttg tct gtc aca gaa caa tca gag ttt 2978 Tyr Leu Ser Phe Ser Cys Tyr Leu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Ser Glu Phe 735 740 745 tat ttt ccc aga gct cca ttg aac tca aat gcc atg tta tcc act gaa 3026 Tyr Phe Pro Arg Ala Pro Leu Asn Ser Asn Ala Met Leu Ser Thr Glu 750 755 760 tca atg atg agc aga att gca gct gga gac ttg gag tca tca gtg gat 3074 Ser Met Met Ser Arg Ile Ala Ala Gly Asp Leu Glu Ser Ser Val Asp 765 770 775 780 gat cct aga tca gag gaa gat aaa aga ttt gag agt cat ata gaa tgc 3122 Asp Pro Arg Ser Glu Glu Asp Lys Arg Phe Glu Ser His Ile Glu Cys 785 790 795 agg aag cca tat aaa gaa ctg aga tta gaa gtt ggg aaa caa aga ctc 3170 Arg Lys Pro Tyr Lys Glu Leu Arg Leu Glu Val Gly Lys Gln Arg Leu 800 805 810 aag tat gct cag gaa gaa ttg tca aat gaa gta ctt cca ccc cct agg 3218 Lys Tyr Ala Gln Glu Glu Leu Ser Asn Glu Val Leu Pro Pro Pro Arg 815 820 825 aaa atg aag gga ctg ttt tca caa gcc aaa att tct ctt ttt tat act 3266 Lys Met Lys Gly Leu Phe Ser Gln Ala Lys Ile Ser Leu Phe Tyr Thr 830 835 840 gag gag cat gaa ata atg aag ttt tcc tgg aga ggt gtg act gct gat 3314 Glu Glu His Glu Ile Met Lys Phe Ser Trp Arg Gly Val Thr Ala Asp 845 850 855 860 act aga gct tta agg agg ttt gga ttc tct ttg gcc gca ggc aga agt 3362 Thr Arg Ala Leu Arg Arg Phe Gly Phe Ser Leu Ala Ala Gly Arg Ser 865 870 875 gtg tgg act ctt gaa atg gat gct ggg gtt ctt act ggg aga ctg att 3410 Val Trp Thr Leu Glu Met Asp Ala Gly Val Leu Thr Gly Arg Leu Ile 880 885 890 aga ttg aat gat gag aaa tgg aca gaa atg aag gat gac aag att gtt 3458 Arg Leu Asn Asp Glu Lys Trp Thr Glu Met Lys Asp Asp Lys Ile Val 895 900 905 tca ttg att gaa aag ttt aca agt aac aaa tat tgg tcc aaa gtg aat 3506 Ser Leu Ile Glu Lys Phe Thr Ser Asn Lys Tyr Trp Ser Lys Val Asn 910 915 920 ttc cca cat ggg atg ttg gat ctt gaa gaa att gct gcc aat tct aag 3554 Phe Pro His Gly Met Leu Asp Leu Glu Glu Ile Ala Ala Asn Ser Lys 925 930 935 940 gat ttt cct aac atg tct gaa acg gat ttg tgt ttc ttg ctg cat tgg 3602 Asp Phe Pro Asn Met Ser Glu Thr Asp Leu Cys Phe Leu Leu His Trp 945 950 955 tta aat cca aag aaa att aat tta gca gat aga atg ctt gga ttg tct 3650 Leu Asn Pro Lys Lys Ile Asn Leu Ala Asp Arg Met Leu Gly Leu Ser 960 965 970 gga gtt cag gaa att aaa gaa caa ggt gtt gga tta ata gca gag tgt 3698 Gly Val Gln Glu Ile Lys Glu Gln Gly Val Gly Leu Ile Ala Glu Cys 975 980 985 aga act ttc tta gat tct att gct gga act tta aaa tct atg atg ttt 3746 Arg Thr Phe Leu Asp Ser Ile Ala Gly Thr Leu Lys Ser Met Met Phe 990 995 1000 gga ttt cat cat tct gtg act gtt gaa att ata aac act gtg ctc tgt 3794 Gly Phe His His Ser Val Thr Val Glu Ile Ile Asn Thr Val Leu Cys 1005 1010 1015 1020 ttt gtt aag agt gga att ttg ctt tat gta ata caa caa ttg aat cag 3842 Phe Val Lys Ser Gly Ile Leu Leu Tyr Val Ile Gln Gln Leu Asn Gln 1025 1030 1035 gat gaa cat tct cac ata att ggt ttg ttg aga gtc atg aat tat gca 3890 Asp Glu His Ser His Ile Ile Gly Leu Leu Arg Val Met Asn Tyr Ala 1040 1045 1050 gat att ggt tgt tca gtt att tca tgt ggc aaa gtt ttt tcc aaa atg 3938 Asp Ile Gly Cys Ser Val Ile Ser Cys Gly Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Met 1055 1060 1065 ctg gaa aca gtc ttt aat tgg caa atg gac tcc aga atg atg gag tta 3986 Leu Glu Thr Val Phe Asn Trp Gln Met Asp Ser Arg Met Met Glu Leu 1070 1075 1080 agg act cag agt ttt tcc aac tgg tta aga gat att tgt tct ggg atc 4034 Arg Thr Gln Ser Phe Ser Asn Trp Leu Arg Asp Ile Cys Ser Gly Ile 1085 1090 1095 1100 acc att ttt aaa aac ttc aag gat gca att tat tgg ctt tat aca aaa 4082 Thr Ile Phe Lys Asn Phe Lys Asp Ala Ile Tyr Trp Leu Tyr Thr Lys 1105 1110 1115 tta aag gac ttt tat gaa gtg aat tat ggc aag aag aag gac att tta 4130 Leu Lys Asp Phe Tyr Glu Val Asn Tyr Gly Lys Lys Lys Asp Ile Leu 1120 1125 1130 aat att ctt aaa gat aac caa caa aaa ata gag aaa gcc att gag gaa 4178 Asn Ile Leu Lys Asp Asn Gln Gln Lys Ile Glu Lys Ala Ile Glu Glu 1135 1140 1145 gcc gat gaa ttt tgc att ttg caa atc caa gat gtg gaa aaa ttt gaa 4226 Ala Asp Glu Phe Cys Ile Leu Gln Ile Gln Asp Val Glu Lys Phe Glu 1150 1155 1160 cag tat cag aaa ggg gtt gac ttg ata caa aaa ttg aga act gtt cat 4274 Gln Tyr Gln Lys Gly Val Asp Leu Ile Gln Lys Leu Arg Thr Val His 1165 1170 1175 1180 tca atg gct cag gtt gat cca aat tta atg gtt cat ttg tca cct ttg 4322 Ser Met Ala Gln Val Asp Pro Asn Leu Met Val His Leu Ser Pro Leu 1185 1190 1195 aga gat tgt ata gca aga gtt cat cag aaa ctt aaa aac ctt gga tct 4370 Arg Asp Cys Ile Ala Arg Val His Gln Lys Leu Lys Asn Leu Gly Ser 1200 1205 1210 ata aat cag gca atg gta acg aga tgt gag cca gtt gtt tgt tat tta 4418 Ile Asn Gln Ala Met Val Thr Arg Cys Glu Pro Val Val Cys Tyr Leu 1215 1220 1225 tat ggc aaa aga ggg gga gga aag agc tta aca tca att gca ttg gca 4466 Tyr Gly Lys Arg Gly Gly Gly Lys Ser Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Leu Ala 1230 1235 1240 acc aaa att tgt aaa cat tat ggt gtt gag cct gaa aag aat atc tat 4514 Thr Lys Ile Cys Lys His Tyr Gly Val Glu Pro Glu Lys Asn Ile Tyr 1245 1250 1255 1260 act aaa cct gtg gct tca gat tac tgg gat gga tat agt gga caa tta 4562 Thr Lys Pro Val Ala Ser Asp Tyr Trp Asp Gly Tyr Ser Gly Gln Leu 1265 1270 1275 gtt tgc atc att gat gat att ggc caa aac aca aca gat gag gat tgg 4610 Val Cys Ile Ile Asp Asp Ile Gly Gln Asn Thr Thr Asp Glu Asp Trp 1280 1285 1290 tca gat ttt tgt cag tta gtg tca gga tgt cca atg aga tta aac atg 4658 Ser Asp Phe Cys Gln Leu Val Ser Gly Cys Pro Met Arg Leu Asn Met 1295 1300 1305 gcc tct ctt gag gag aag ggt agg cat ttt tct tct cct ttt ata ata 4706 Ala Ser Leu Glu Glu Lys Gly Arg His Phe Ser Ser Pro Phe Ile Ile 1310 1315 1320 gca act tca aat tgg tca aat cca agt cca aaa aca gtt tat gtt aag 4754 Ala Thr Ser Asn Trp Ser Asn Pro Ser Pro Lys Thr Val Tyr Val Lys 1325 1330 1335 1340 gaa gca att gac cgc aga ctc cat ttc aag gtt gaa gtt aaa cct gct 4802 Glu Ala Ile Asp Arg Arg Leu His Phe Lys Val Glu Val Lys Pro Ala 1345 1350 1355 tca ttt ttc aaa aat cct cac aat gat atg ttg aat gtt aat tta gct 4850 Ser Phe Phe Lys Asn Pro His Asn Asp Met Leu Asn Val Asn Leu Ala 1360 1365 1370 aaa aca aat gat gca atc aaa gat atg tct tgt gtt gat ttg ata atg 4898 Lys Thr Asn Asp Ala Ile Lys Asp Met Ser Cys Val Asp Leu Ile Met 1375 1380 1385 gat gga cat aat gtt tca ttg atg gat ttg ctc agt tct tta gtc atg 4946 Asp Gly His Asn Val Ser Leu Met Asp Leu Leu Ser Ser Leu Val Met 1390 1395 1400 aca gtt gaa att aga aaa caa aac atg act gaa ttc atg gag ttg tgg 4994 Thr Val Glu Ile Arg Lys Gln Asn Met Thr Glu Phe Met Glu Leu Trp 1405 1410 1415 1420 tct cag gga att tca gat gat gat aat gat agt gca gta gct gag ttt 5042 Ser Gln Gly Ile Ser Asp Asp Asp Asn Asp Ser Ala Val Ala Glu Phe 1425 1430 1435 ttc cag tct ttt cca tct ggt gaa cca tcg aac tct aaa tta tct ggc 5090 Phe Gln Ser Phe Pro Ser Gly Glu Pro Ser Asn Ser Lys Leu Ser Gly 1440 1445 1450 ttt ttc caa tct gtt act aat cac aag tgg gtt gct gtg gga gct gca 5138 Phe Phe Gln Ser Val Thr Asn His Lys Trp Val Ala Val Gly Ala Ala 1455 1460 1465 gtt ggc att ctt gga gtg ctc gtt gga gga tgg ttt gtg tat aag cat 5186 Val Gly Ile Leu Gly Val Leu Val Gly Gly Trp Phe Val Tyr Lys His 1470 1475 1480 ttc tcc cgc aaa gag gag gaa cca atc cca gct gaa ggg gta tat cat 5234 Phe Ser Arg Lys Glu Glu Glu Pro Ile Pro Ala Glu Gly Val Tyr His 1485 1490 1495 1500 ggt gta act aag ccc aag caa gtg att aaa tta gat gca gat cca gta 5282 Gly Val Thr Lys Pro Lys Gln Val Ile Lys Leu Asp Ala Asp Pro Val 1505 1510 1515 gaa tct cag tca act ttg gaa ata gca gga ctg gtt agg aag aac ttg 5330 Glu Ser Gln Ser Thr Leu Glu Ile Ala Gly Leu Val Arg Lys Asn Leu 1520 1525 1530 gtt cag ttt gga gtt gga gag aag aat gga tgt gtg aga tgg gtt atg 5378 Val Gln Phe Gly Val Gly Glu Lys Asn Gly Cys Val Arg Trp Val Met 1535 1540 1545 aat gcc ttg gga gtg aaa gat gat tgg ctg ctt gtg cct tcc cat gct 5426 Asn Ala Leu Gly Val Lys Asp Asp Trp Leu Leu Val Pro Ser His Ala 1550 1555 1560 tat aaa ttt gag aaa gat tat gaa atg atg gag ttt tat ttt aat aga 5474 Tyr Lys Phe Glu Lys Asp Tyr Glu Met Met Glu Phe Tyr Phe Asn Arg 1565 1570 1575 1580 ggt gga act tac tat tca att tca gct ggt aat gtt gtt att caa tct 5522 Gly Gly Thr Tyr Tyr Ser Ile Ser Ala Gly Asn Val Val Ile Gln Ser 1585 1590 1595 ttg gat gtg gga ttc cag gat gtt gtt ctg atg aag gtt cct aca att 5570 Leu Asp Val Gly Phe Gln Asp Val Val Leu Met Lys Val Pro Thr Ile 1600 1605 1610 cct aag ttt aga gat att act cag cat ttt att aag aaa ggg gat gtg 5618 Pro Lys Phe Arg Asp Ile Thr Gln His Phe Ile Lys Lys Gly Asp Val 1615 1620 1625 cct aga gct ttg aat cgc ctg gca aca tta gtg aca act gta aat gga 5666 Pro Arg Ala Leu Asn Arg Leu Ala Thr Leu Val Thr Thr Val Asn Gly 1630 1635 1640 acc cct atg tta att tct gag ggc cca cta aag atg gaa gag aaa gct 5714 Thr Pro Met Leu Ile Ser Glu Gly Pro Leu Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Ala 1645 1650 1655 1660 act tat gtt cat aag aaa aat gat ggt aca aca gtt gat tta act gtg 5762 Thr Tyr Val His Lys Lys Asn Asp Gly Thr Thr Val Asp Leu Thr Val 1665 1670 1675 gat cag gca tgg aga gga aaa ggc gaa ggt ctt cct gga atg tgt ggt 5810 Asp Gln Ala Trp Arg Gly Lys Gly Glu Gly Leu Pro Gly Met Cys Gly 1680 1685 1690 ggg gcc ttg gtt tca tcg aat caa tct ata cag aat gca atc ttg ggc 5858 Gly Ala Leu Val Ser Ser Asn Gln Ser Ile Gln Asn Ala Ile Leu Gly 1695 1700 1705 atc cat gtt gct gga gga aat tca att ctt gtt gca aaa ttg gtt act 5906 Ile His Val Ala Gly Gly Asn Ser Ile Leu Val Ala Lys Leu Val Thr 1710 1715 1720 caa gaa atg ttc caa aat att gat aag aaa att gaa agt cag aga att 5954 Gln Glu Met Phe Gln Asn Ile Asp Lys Lys Ile Glu Ser Gln Arg Ile 1725 1730 1735 1740 atg aaa gtg gag ttt act cag tgt tca atg aat gtg gtc tcc aaa acg 6002 Met Lys Val Glu Phe Thr Gln Cys Ser Met Asn Val Val Ser Lys Thr 1745 1750 1755 ctt ttt aga aag agt ccc att tat cat cac att gat aaa acc atg att 6050 Leu Phe Arg Lys Ser Pro Ile Tyr His His Ile Asp Lys Thr Met Ile 1760 1765 1770 aat ttt cct gca gct atg ccc ttt tct aaa gct gaa att gat cca atg 6098 Asn Phe Pro Ala Ala Met Pro Phe Ser Lys Ala Glu Ile Asp Pro Met 1775 1780 1785 gct gtg atg tta tct aag tat tca tta cct att gta gaa gaa cca gag 6146 Ala Val Met Leu Ser Lys Tyr Ser Leu Pro Ile Val Glu Glu Pro Glu 1790 1795 1800 gat tat aaa gag gct tca att ttt tat caa aat aaa ata gtg ggt aag 6194 Asp Tyr Lys Glu Ala Ser Ile Phe Tyr Gln Asn Lys Ile Val Gly Lys 1805 1810 1815 1820 act cag tta gtt gat gat ttt tta gat ctt gat atg gcc att aca ggg 6242 Thr Gln Leu Val Asp Asp Phe Leu Asp Leu Asp Met Ala Ile Thr Gly 1825 1830 1835 gcc cca gga att gat gct atc aac atg gat tca tct cct gga ttt cct 6290 Ala Pro Gly Ile Asp Ala Ile Asn Met Asp Ser Ser Pro Gly Phe Pro 1840 1845 1850 tat gtc cag gag aag ttg acc aaa aga gat tta att tgg ttg gat gaa 6338 Tyr Val Gln Glu Lys Leu Thr Lys Arg Asp Leu Ile Trp Leu Asp Glu 1855 1860 1865 aat ggt tta ttg ctg gga gtt cat cca aga ttg gct cag aga atc tta 6386 Asn Gly Leu Leu Leu Gly Val His Pro Arg Leu Ala Gln Arg Ile Leu 1870 1875 1880 ttc aat act gtc atg atg gaa aat tgt tct gat ttg gat gtt gtt ttt 6434 Phe Asn Thr Val Met Met Glu Asn Cys Ser Asp Leu Asp Val Val Phe 1885 1890 1895 1900 aca acc tgt cca aaa gat gaa ttg aga cca tta gag aaa gtg ttg gaa 6482 Thr Thr Cys Pro Lys Asp Glu Leu Arg Pro Leu Glu Lys Val Leu Glu 1905 1910 1915 tca aaa aca aga gct att gat gct tgt cct ctg gat tac tca att ttg 6530 Ser Lys Thr Arg Ala Ile Asp Ala Cys Pro Leu Asp Tyr Ser Ile Leu 1920 1925 1930 tgc cga atg tat tgg ggt cca gct att agt tat ttt cat ttg aat cca 6578 Cys Arg Met Tyr Trp Gly Pro Ala Ile Ser Tyr Phe His Leu Asn Pro 1935 1940 1945 ggt ttc cat aca ggt gtt gct att ggc ata gat cct gat aga cag tgg 6626 Gly Phe His Thr Gly Val Ala Ile Gly Ile Asp Pro Asp Arg Gln Trp 1950 1955 1960 gat gaa tta ttt aaa aca atg ata aga ttc gga gat gtt ggt ctt gat 6674 Asp Glu Leu Phe Lys Thr Met Ile Arg Phe Gly Asp Val Gly Leu Asp 1965 1970 1975 1980 tta gat ttc tct gct ttt gat gct agt ctt agt cca ttt atg att aga 6722 Leu Asp Phe Ser Ala Phe Asp Ala Ser Leu Ser Pro Phe Met Ile Arg 1985 1990 1995 gaa gca ggt aga atc atg agt gaa cta tct gga act cca tcc cat ttt 6770 Glu Ala Gly Arg Ile Met Ser Glu Leu Ser Gly Thr Pro Ser His Phe 2000 2005 2010 ggc aca gct ctt atc aat act atc att tat tcc aag cat ttg ctg tat 6818 Gly Thr Ala Leu Ile Asn Thr Ile Ile Tyr Ser Lys His Leu Leu Tyr 2015 2020 2025 aac tgt tgt tac cat gtc tgt ggt tca atg ccc tct ggg tct cct tgt 6866 Asn Cys Cys Tyr His Val Cys Gly Ser Met Pro Ser Gly Ser Pro Cys 2030 2035 2040 aca gct ttg cta aat tca att att aat aat gtc aat ttg tat tat gtg 6914 Thr Ala Leu Leu Asn Ser Ile Ile Asn Asn Val Asn Leu Tyr Tyr Val 2045 2050 2055 2060 ttt tcc aag ata ttt gga aag tct cca gtt ttc ttt tgt cag gct ttg 6962 Phe Ser Lys Ile Phe Gly Lys Ser Pro Val Phe Phe Cys Gln Ala Leu 2065 2070 2075 aag att ctc tgt tat gga gat gat gtt tta ata gtt ttc tct cga gat 7010 Lys Ile Leu Cys Tyr Gly Asp Asp Val Leu Ile Val Phe Ser Arg Asp 2080 2085 2090 gtt cag att gat aat ctt gat ttg att gga caa aaa att gta gat gag 7058 Val Gln Ile Asp Asn Leu Asp Leu Ile Gly Gln Lys Ile Val Asp Glu 2095 2100 2105 ttt aag aaa ctt ggc atg aca gct act tct gct gac aag aat gta cct 7106 Phe Lys Lys Leu Gly Met Thr Ala Thr Ser Ala Asp Lys Asn Val Pro 2110 2115 2120 cag ctg aaa cca gtt tcg gaa ttg act ttt ctc aaa aga tct ttc aat 7154 Gln Leu Lys Pro Val Ser Glu Leu Thr Phe Leu Lys Arg Ser Phe Asn 2125 2130 2135 2140 ttg gta gag gat aga att aga cct gca att tcg gaa aaa aca att tgg 7202 Leu Val Glu Asp Arg Ile Arg Pro Ala Ile Ser Glu Lys Thr Ile Trp 2145 2150 2155 tct tta ata gca tgg cag aga agt aac gct gag ttt gag cag aat tta 7250 Ser Leu Ile Ala Trp Gln Arg Ser Asn Ala Glu Phe Glu Gln Asn Leu 2160 2165 2170 gaa aat gct cag tgg ttt gct ttt atg cat ggc tat gag ttt tat cag 7298 Glu Asn Ala Gln Trp Phe Ala Phe Met His Gly Tyr Glu Phe Tyr Gln 2175 2180 2185 aaa ttt tat tat ttt gtt cag tcc tgt ttg gag aaa gag atg ata gaa 7346 Lys Phe Tyr Tyr Phe Val Gln Ser Cys Leu Glu Lys Glu Met Ile Glu 2190 2195 2200 tac aga ctt aaa tct tat gat tgg tgg aga atg aga ttt tat gac cag 7394 Tyr Arg Leu Lys Ser Tyr Asp Trp Trp Arg Met Arg Phe Tyr Asp Gln 2205 2210 2215 2220 tgt ttc att tgt gac ctt tca tgatttgttt aaacaaattt tcttaaaatt 7445 Cys Phe Ile Cys Asp Leu Ser 2225 tctgaggttt gtttatttct tttatcagta aataaaaaaa aaaaaaaa 7493 2 2227 PRT WILD-TYPE HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS, STRAIN HM-175 2 Met Asn Met Ser Arg Gln Gly Ile Phe Gln Thr Val Gly Ser Gly Leu 1 5 10 15 Asp His Ile Leu Ser Leu Ala Asp Ile Glu Glu Glu Gln Met Ile Gln 20 25 30 Ser Val Asp Arg Thr Ala Val Thr Gly Ala Ser Tyr Phe Thr Ser Val 35 40 45 Asp Gln Ser Ser Val His Thr Ala Glu Val Gly Ser His Gln Val Glu 50 55 60 Pro Leu Arg Thr Ser Val Asp Lys Pro Gly Ser Lys Lys Thr Gln Gly 65 70 75 80 Glu Lys Phe Phe Leu Ile His Ser Ala Asp Trp Leu Thr Thr His Ala 85 90 95 Leu Phe His Glu Val Ala Lys Leu Asp Val Val Lys Leu Leu Tyr Asn 100 105 110 Glu Gln Phe Ala Val Gln Gly Leu Leu Arg Tyr His Thr Tyr Ala Arg 115 120 125 Phe Gly Ile Glu Ile Gln Val Gln Ile Asn Pro Thr Pro Phe Gln Gln 130 135 140 Gly Gly Leu Ile Cys Ala Met Val Pro Gly Asp Gln Ser Tyr Gly Ser 145 150 155 160 Ile Ala Ser Leu Thr Val Tyr Pro His Gly Leu Leu Asn Cys Asn Ile 165 170 175 Asn Asn Val Val Arg Ile Lys Val Pro Phe Ile Tyr Thr Arg Gly Ala 180 185 190 Tyr His Phe Lys Asp Pro Gln Tyr Pro Val Trp Glu Leu Thr Ile Arg 195 200 205 Val Trp Ser Glu Leu Asn Ile Gly Thr Gly Thr Ser Ala Tyr Thr Ser 210 215 220 Leu Asn Val Leu Ala Arg Phe Thr Asp Leu Glu Leu His Gly Leu Thr 225 230 235 240 Pro Leu Ser Thr Gln Met Met Arg Asn Glu Phe Arg Val Ser Thr Thr 245 250 255 Glu Asn Val Val Asn Leu Ser Asn Tyr Glu Asp Ala Arg Ala Lys Met 260 265 270 Ser Phe Ala Leu Asp Gln Glu Asp Trp Lys Ser Asp Pro Ser Gln Gly 275 280 285 Gly Gly Ile Lys Ile Thr His Phe Thr Thr Trp Thr Ser Ile Pro Thr 290 295 300 Leu Ala Ala Gln Phe Pro Phe Asn Ala Ser Asp Ser Val Gly Gln Gln 305 310 315 320 Ile Lys Val Ile Pro Val Asp Pro Tyr Phe Phe Gln Met Thr Asn Thr 325 330 335 Asn Pro Asp Gln Lys Cys Ile Thr Ala Leu Ala Ser Ile Cys Gln Met 340 345 350 Phe Cys Phe Trp Arg Gly Asp Leu Val Phe Asp Phe Gln Val Phe Pro 355 360 365 Thr Lys Tyr His Ser Gly Arg Leu Leu Phe Cys Phe Val Pro Gly Asn 370 375 380 Glu Leu Ile Asp Val Ser Gly Ile Thr Leu Lys Gln Ala Thr Thr Ala 385 390 395 400 Pro Cys Ala Val Met Asp Ile Thr Gly Val Gln Ser Thr Leu Arg Phe 405 410 415 Arg Val Pro Trp Ile Ser Asp Thr Pro Tyr Arg Val Asn Arg Tyr Thr 420 425 430 Lys Ser Ala His Gln Lys Gly Glu Tyr Thr Ala Ile Gly Lys Leu Ile 435 440 445 Val Tyr Cys Tyr Asn Arg Leu Thr Ser Pro Ser Asn Val Ala Ser His 450 455 460 Val Arg Val Asn Val Tyr Leu Ser Ala Ile Asn Leu Glu Cys Phe Ala 465 470 475 480 Pro Leu Tyr His Ala Met Asp Val Thr Thr Gln Val Gly Asp Asp Ser 485 490 495 Gly Gly Phe Ser Thr Thr Val Ser Thr Glu Gln Asn Val Pro Asp Pro 500 505 510 Gln Val Gly Ile Thr Thr Met Lys Asp Leu Lys Gly Lys Ala Asn Arg 515 520 525 Gly Lys Met Asp Val Ser Gly Val Gln Ala Pro Val Gly Ala Ile Thr 530 535 540 Thr Ile Glu Asp Pro Val Leu Ala Lys Lys Val Pro Glu Thr Phe Pro 545 550 555 560 Glu Leu Lys Pro Gly Glu Ser Arg His Thr Ser Asp His Met Ser Ile 565 570 575 Tyr Lys Phe Met Gly Arg Ser His Phe Leu Cys Thr Phe Thr Phe Asn 580 585 590 Ser Asn Asn Lys Glu Tyr Thr Phe Pro Ile Thr Leu Ser Ser Thr Ser 595 600 605 Asn Pro Pro His Gly Leu Pro Ser Thr Leu Arg Trp Phe Phe Asn Leu 610 615 620 Phe Gln Leu Tyr Arg Gly Pro Leu Asp Leu Thr Ile Ile Ile Thr Gly 625 630 635 640 Ala Thr Asp Val Asp Gly Met Ala Trp Phe Thr Pro Val Gly Leu Ala 645 650 655 Val Asp Thr Pro Trp Val Glu Lys Glu Ser Ala Leu Ser Ile Asp Tyr 660 665 670 Lys Thr Ala Leu Gly Ala Val Arg Phe Asn Thr Arg Arg Thr Gly Asn 675 680 685 Ile Gln Ile Arg Leu Pro Trp Tyr Ser Tyr Leu Tyr Ala Val Ser Gly 690 695 700 Ala Leu Asp Gly Leu Gly Asp Lys Thr Asp Ser Thr Phe Gly Leu Val 705 710 715 720 Ser Ile Gln Ile Ala Asn Tyr Asn His Ser Asp Glu Tyr Leu Ser Phe 725 730 735 Ser Cys Tyr Leu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Ser Glu Phe Tyr Phe Pro Arg 740 745 750 Ala Pro Leu Asn Ser Asn Ala Met Leu Ser Thr Glu Ser Met Met Ser 755 760 765 Arg Ile Ala Ala Gly Asp Leu Glu Ser Ser Val Asp Asp Pro Arg Ser 770 775 780 Glu Glu Asp Lys Arg Phe Glu Ser His Ile Glu Cys Arg Lys Pro Tyr 785 790 795 800 Lys Glu Leu Arg Leu Glu Val Gly Lys Gln Arg Leu Lys Tyr Ala Gln 805 810 815 Glu Glu Leu Ser Asn Glu Val Leu Pro Pro Pro Arg Lys Met Lys Gly 820 825 830 Leu Phe Ser Gln Ala Lys Ile Ser Leu Phe Tyr Thr Glu Glu His Glu 835 840 845 Ile Met Lys Phe Ser Trp Arg Gly Val Thr Ala Asp Thr Arg Ala Leu 850 855 860 Arg Arg Phe Gly Phe Ser Leu Ala Ala Gly Arg Ser Val Trp Thr Leu 865 870 875 880 Glu Met Asp Ala Gly Val Leu Thr Gly Arg Leu Ile Arg Leu Asn Asp 885 890 895 Glu Lys Trp Thr Glu Met Lys Asp Asp Lys Ile Val Ser Leu Ile Glu 900 905 910 Lys Phe Thr Ser Asn Lys Tyr Trp Ser Lys Val Asn Phe Pro His Gly 915 920 925 Met Leu Asp Leu Glu Glu Ile Ala Ala Asn Ser Lys Asp Phe Pro Asn 930 935 940 Met Ser Glu Thr Asp Leu Cys Phe Leu Leu His Trp Leu Asn Pro Lys 945 950 955 960 Lys Ile Asn Leu Ala Asp Arg Met Leu Gly Leu Ser Gly Val Gln Glu 965 970 975 Ile Lys Glu Gln Gly Val Gly Leu Ile Ala Glu Cys Arg Thr Phe Leu 980 985 990 Asp Ser Ile Ala Gly Thr Leu Lys Ser Met Met Phe Gly Phe His His 995 1000 1005 Ser Val Thr Val Glu Ile Ile Asn Thr Val Leu Cys Phe Val Lys Ser 1010 1015 1020 Gly Ile Leu Leu Tyr Val Ile Gln Gln Leu Asn Gln Asp Glu His Ser 1025 1030 1035 1040 His Ile Ile Gly Leu Leu Arg Val Met Asn Tyr Ala Asp Ile Gly Cys 1045 1050 1055 Ser Val Ile Ser Cys Gly Lys Val Phe Ser Lys Met Leu Glu Thr Val 1060 1065 1070 Phe Asn Trp Gln Met Asp Ser Arg Met Met Glu Leu Arg Thr Gln Ser 1075 1080 1085 Phe Ser Asn Trp Leu Arg Asp Ile Cys Ser Gly Ile Thr Ile Phe Lys 1090 1095 1100 Asn Phe Lys Asp Ala Ile Tyr Trp Leu Tyr Thr Lys Leu Lys Asp Phe 1105 1110 1115 1120 Tyr Glu Val Asn Tyr Gly Lys Lys Lys Asp Ile Leu Asn Ile Leu Lys 1125 1130 1135 Asp Asn Gln Gln Lys Ile Glu Lys Ala Ile Glu Glu Ala Asp Glu Phe 1140 1145 1150 Cys Ile Leu Gln Ile Gln Asp Val Glu Lys Phe Glu Gln Tyr Gln Lys 1155 1160 1165 Gly Val Asp Leu Ile Gln Lys Leu Arg Thr Val His Ser Met Ala Gln 1170 1175 1180 Val Asp Pro Asn Leu Met Val His Leu Ser Pro Leu Arg Asp Cys Ile 1185 1190 1195 1200 Ala Arg Val His Gln Lys Leu Lys Asn Leu Gly Ser Ile Asn Gln Ala 1205 1210 1215 Met Val Thr Arg Cys Glu Pro Val Val Cys Tyr Leu Tyr Gly Lys Arg 1220 1225 1230 Gly Gly Gly Lys Ser Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Leu Ala Thr Lys Ile Cys 1235 1240 1245 Lys His Tyr Gly Val Glu Pro Glu Lys Asn Ile Tyr Thr Lys Pro Val 1250 1255 1260 Ala Ser Asp Tyr Trp Asp Gly Tyr Ser Gly Gln Leu Val Cys Ile Ile 1265 1270 1275 1280 Asp Asp Ile Gly Gln Asn Thr Thr Asp Glu Asp Trp Ser Asp Phe Cys 1285 1290 1295 Gln Leu Val Ser Gly Cys Pro Met Arg Leu Asn Met Ala Ser Leu Glu 1300 1305 1310 Glu Lys Gly Arg His Phe Ser Ser Pro Phe Ile Ile Ala Thr Ser Asn 1315 1320 1325 Trp Ser Asn Pro Ser Pro Lys Thr Val Tyr Val Lys Glu Ala Ile Asp 1330 1335 1340 Arg Arg Leu His Phe Lys Val Glu Val Lys Pro Ala Ser Phe Phe Lys 1345 1350 1355 1360 Asn Pro His Asn Asp Met Leu Asn Val Asn Leu Ala Lys Thr Asn Asp 1365 1370 1375 Ala Ile Lys Asp Met Ser Cys Val Asp Leu Ile Met Asp Gly His Asn 1380 1385 1390 Val Ser Leu Met Asp Leu Leu Ser Ser Leu Val Met Thr Val Glu Ile 1395 1400 1405 Arg Lys Gln Asn Met Thr Glu Phe Met Glu Leu Trp Ser Gln Gly Ile 1410 1415 1420 Ser Asp Asp Asp Asn Asp Ser Ala Val Ala Glu Phe Phe Gln Ser Phe 1425 1430 1435 1440 Pro Ser Gly Glu Pro Ser Asn Ser Lys Leu Ser Gly Phe Phe Gln Ser 1445 1450 1455 Val Thr Asn His Lys Trp Val Ala Val Gly Ala Ala Val Gly Ile Leu 1460 1465 1470 Gly Val Leu Val Gly Gly Trp Phe Val Tyr Lys His Phe Ser Arg Lys 1475 1480 1485 Glu Glu Glu Pro Ile Pro Ala Glu Gly Val Tyr His Gly Val Thr Lys 1490 1495 1500 Pro Lys Gln Val Ile Lys Leu Asp Ala Asp Pro Val Glu Ser Gln Ser 1505 1510 1515 1520 Thr Leu Glu Ile Ala Gly Leu Val Arg Lys Asn Leu Val Gln Phe Gly 1525 1530 1535 Val Gly Glu Lys Asn Gly Cys Val Arg Trp Val Met Asn Ala Leu Gly 1540 1545 1550 Val Lys Asp Asp Trp Leu Leu Val Pro Ser His Ala Tyr Lys Phe Glu 1555 1560 1565 Lys Asp Tyr Glu Met Met Glu Phe Tyr Phe Asn Arg Gly Gly Thr Tyr 1570 1575 1580 Tyr Ser Ile Ser Ala Gly Asn Val Val Ile Gln Ser Leu Asp Val Gly 1585 1590 1595 1600 Phe Gln Asp Val Val Leu Met Lys Val Pro Thr Ile Pro Lys Phe Arg 1605 1610 1615 Asp Ile Thr Gln His Phe Ile Lys Lys Gly Asp Val Pro Arg Ala Leu 1620 1625 1630 Asn Arg Leu Ala Thr Leu Val Thr Thr Val Asn Gly Thr Pro Met Leu 1635 1640 1645 Ile Ser Glu Gly Pro Leu Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Ala Thr Tyr Val His 1650 1655 1660 Lys Lys Asn Asp Gly Thr Thr Val Asp Leu Thr Val Asp Gln Ala Trp 1665 1670 1675 1680 Arg Gly Lys Gly Glu Gly Leu Pro Gly Met Cys Gly Gly Ala Leu Val 1685 1690 1695 Ser Ser Asn Gln Ser Ile Gln Asn Ala Ile Leu Gly Ile His Val Ala 1700 1705 1710 Gly Gly Asn Ser Ile Leu Val Ala Lys Leu Val Thr Gln Glu Met Phe 1715 1720 1725 Gln Asn Ile Asp Lys Lys Ile Glu Ser Gln Arg Ile Met Lys Val Glu 1730 1735 1740 Phe Thr Gln Cys Ser Met Asn Val Val Ser Lys Thr Leu Phe Arg Lys 1745 1750 1755 1760 Ser Pro Ile Tyr His His Ile Asp Lys Thr Met Ile Asn Phe Pro Ala 1765 1770 1775 Ala Met Pro Phe Ser Lys Ala Glu Ile Asp Pro Met Ala Val Met Leu 1780 1785 1790 Ser Lys Tyr Ser Leu Pro Ile Val Glu Glu Pro Glu Asp Tyr Lys Glu 1795 1800 1805 Ala Ser Ile Phe Tyr Gln Asn Lys Ile Val Gly Lys Thr Gln Leu Val 1810 1815 1820 Asp Asp Phe Leu Asp Leu Asp Met Ala Ile Thr Gly Ala Pro Gly Ile 1825 1830 1835 1840 Asp Ala Ile Asn Met Asp Ser Ser Pro Gly Phe Pro Tyr Val Gln Glu 1845 1850 1855 Lys Leu Thr Lys Arg Asp Leu Ile Trp Leu Asp Glu Asn Gly Leu Leu 1860 1865 1870 Leu Gly Val His Pro Arg Leu Ala Gln Arg Ile Leu Phe Asn Thr Val 1875 1880 1885 Met Met Glu Asn Cys Ser Asp Leu Asp Val Val Phe Thr Thr Cys Pro 1890 1895 1900 Lys Asp Glu Leu Arg Pro Leu Glu Lys Val Leu Glu Ser Lys Thr Arg 1905 1910 1915 1920 Ala Ile Asp Ala Cys Pro Leu Asp Tyr Ser Ile Leu Cys Arg Met Tyr 1925 1930 1935 Trp Gly Pro Ala Ile Ser Tyr Phe His Leu Asn Pro Gly Phe His Thr 1940 1945 1950 Gly Val Ala Ile Gly Ile Asp Pro Asp Arg Gln Trp Asp Glu Leu Phe 1955 1960 1965 Lys Thr Met Ile Arg Phe Gly Asp Val Gly Leu Asp Leu Asp Phe Ser 1970 1975 1980 Ala Phe Asp Ala Ser Leu Ser Pro Phe Met Ile Arg Glu Ala Gly Arg 1985 1990 1995 2000 Ile Met Ser Glu Leu Ser Gly Thr Pro Ser His Phe Gly Thr Ala Leu 2005 2010 2015 Ile Asn Thr Ile Ile Tyr Ser Lys His Leu Leu Tyr Asn Cys Cys Tyr 2020 2025 2030 His Val Cys Gly Ser Met Pro Ser Gly Ser Pro Cys Thr Ala Leu Leu 2035 2040 2045 Asn Ser Ile Ile Asn Asn Val Asn Leu Tyr Tyr Val Phe Ser Lys Ile 2050 2055 2060 Phe Gly Lys Ser Pro Val Phe Phe Cys Gln Ala Leu Lys Ile Leu Cys 1065 2070 2075 2080 Tyr Gly Asp Asp Val Leu Ile Val Phe Ser Arg Asp Val Gln Ile Asp 2085 2090 2095 Asn Leu Asp Leu Ile Gly Gln Lys Ile Val Asp Glu Phe Lys Lys Leu 2100 2105 2110 Gly Met Thr Ala Thr Ser Ala Asp Lys Asn Val Pro Gln Leu Lys Pro 2115 2120 2125 Val Ser Glu Leu Thr Phe Leu Lys Arg Ser Phe Asn Leu Val Glu Asp 2130 2135 2140 Arg Ile Arg Pro Ala Ile Ser Glu Lys Thr Ile Trp Ser Leu Ile Ala 2145 2150 2155 2160 Trp Gln Arg Ser Asn Ala Glu Phe Glu Gln Asn Leu Glu Asn Ala Gln 2165 2170 2175 Trp Phe Ala Phe Met His Gly Tyr Glu Phe Tyr Gln Lys Phe Tyr Tyr 2180 2185 2190 Phe Val Gln Ser Cys Leu Glu Lys Glu Met Ile Glu Tyr Arg Leu Lys 2195 2200 2205 Ser Tyr Asp Trp Trp Arg Met Arg Phe Tyr Asp Gln Cys Phe Ile Cys 2210 2215 2220 Asp Leu Ser 2225 3 7486 DNA Attenuated HAV (4380), strain HM-175 CDS (730)..(7410) 3 ttcaagaggg gtctccggga atttccggag tccctcttgg aagtccatgg tgaggggact 60 tgatacctca ccgccgtttg cctaggctat aggctaaatt ttccctttcc cttttccctt 120 tcccattccc ttttgcttgt aaatattgat tcctgcaggt tcagggttct taaatctgtt 180 tctctataag aacactcatt ttcacgcttt ctgtcttctt tcttccaggg ctctcccctt 240 gccctaggct ctggccgttg cgcccggcgg ggtcaactcc atgattagca tggagctgta 300 ggagtctaaa ttggggacac agatgtttgg aacgtcacct tgcagtgtta acttggcttt 360 catgaatctc tttgatcttc cacaaggggt aggctacggg tgaaacctct taggctaata 420 cttctatgaa gagatgcctt ggatagggta acagcggcgg atattggtga gttgttaaga 480 caaaaaccat tcaacgccgg aggactgact ctcatccagt ggatgcattg agtggattga 540 ctgtcagggc tgtctttagg cttaattcca gacctctctg tgcttggggc aaacatcatt 600 tggccttaaa tgggattctg tgagagggga tccctccatt aacagctgga ctgttctttg 660 gggtcttatg tggtgtttgc cgctgaggta ctcaggggca tttaggtttt tcctcattct 720 taaataata atg aac atg tct aga caa ggt att ttc cag act gtt ggg agt 771 Met Asn Met Ser Arg Gln Gly Ile Phe Gln Thr Val Gly Ser 1 5 10 ggt ctt gac cac atc ctg tct ttg gca gac att gag gaa gag caa atg 819 Gly Leu Asp His Ile Leu Ser Leu Ala Asp Ile Glu Glu Glu Gln Met 15 20 25 30 att caa tca gtt gat agg act gca gtg act ggt gct tct tat ttt act 867 Ile Gln Ser Val Asp Arg Thr Ala Val Thr Gly Ala Ser Tyr Phe Thr 35 40 45 tct gtg gat caa tct tca gtt cat aca gct gag gtt gga tca cac cag 915 Ser Val Asp Gln Ser Ser Val His Thr Ala Glu Val Gly Ser His Gln 50 55 60 gtt gaa cct ttg aga acc tct gtt gat aaa ccc ggt tca aag agg act 963 Val Glu Pro Leu Arg Thr Ser Val Asp Lys Pro Gly Ser Lys Arg Thr 65 70 75 cag gga gag aaa ttt ttc ttg att cat tct gca gat tgg ctt act aca 1011 Gln Gly Glu Lys Phe Phe Leu Ile His Ser Ala Asp Trp Leu Thr Thr 80 85 90 cat gct ctt ttc cat gaa gtt gca aaa ttg gat gtg gtg aaa tta tta 1059 His Ala Leu Phe His Glu Val Ala Lys Leu Asp Val Val Lys Leu Leu 95 100 105 110 tac aat gag cag ttt gct gtt caa ggg ttg ttg aga tac cat aca tat 1107 Tyr Asn Glu Gln Phe Ala Val Gln Gly Leu Leu Arg Tyr His Thr Tyr 115 120 125 gca aga ttt ggc att gaa att caa gtt cag ata aac cct aca cct ttc 1155 Ala Arg Phe Gly Ile Glu Ile Gln Val Gln Ile Asn Pro Thr Pro Phe 130 135 140 caa cag ggg gga ttg atc tgt gct atg gtt cct ggt gac cag agc tat 1203 Gln Gln Gly Gly Leu Ile Cys Ala Met Val Pro Gly Asp Gln Ser Tyr 145 150 155 ggt tct ata gca tca ttg act gtt tat cct cat ggt ttg tta aat tgc 1251 Gly Ser Ile Ala Ser Leu Thr Val Tyr Pro His Gly Leu Leu Asn Cys 160 165 170 aat att aac aat gtg gtt aga ata aag gtt cca ttt att tac aca aga 1299 Asn Ile Asn Asn Val Val Arg Ile Lys Val Pro Phe Ile Tyr Thr Arg 175 180 185 190 ggt gct tac cac ttt aaa gat cca caa tac cca gtt tgg gaa ttg aca 1347 Gly Ala Tyr His Phe Lys Asp Pro Gln Tyr Pro Val Trp Glu Leu Thr 195 200 205 att aga gtt tgg tca gaa tta aat att ggg aca gga act tca gct tat 1395 Ile Arg Val Trp Ser Glu Leu Asn Ile Gly Thr Gly Thr Ser Ala Tyr 210 215 220 act tca ctc aat gtt tta gct aga ttt aca gat ttg gag ttg cat gga 1443 Thr Ser Leu Asn Val Leu Ala Arg Phe Thr Asp Leu Glu Leu His Gly 225 230 235 tta act cct ctt tct aca caa atg atg aga aat gaa ttt agg gtc agt 1491 Leu Thr Pro Leu Ser Thr Gln Met Met Arg Asn Glu Phe Arg Val Ser 240 245 250 act act gag aat gtg gtg aat ctg tca aat tat gaa gat gca aga gca 1539 Thr Thr Glu Asn Val Val Asn Leu Ser Asn Tyr Glu Asp Ala Arg Ala 255 260 265 270 aag atg tct ttt gct ttg gat cag gaa gat tgg aaa tct gat ccg tcc 1587 Lys Met Ser Phe Ala Leu Asp Gln Glu Asp Trp Lys Ser Asp Pro Ser 275 280 285 cag ggt ggt ggg atc aaa att act cat ttt act act tgg aca tct att 1635 Gln Gly Gly Gly Ile Lys Ile Thr His Phe Thr Thr Trp Thr Ser Ile 290 295 300 cca act ttg gct gct cag ttt cca ttt aat gct tca gac tca gtt ggt 1683 Pro Thr Leu Ala Ala Gln Phe Pro Phe Asn Ala Ser Asp Ser Val Gly 305 310 315 caa caa att aaa gtt att cca gtt gac cca tat ttt ttc caa atg aca 1731 Gln Gln Ile Lys Val Ile Pro Val Asp Pro Tyr Phe Phe Gln Met Thr 320 325 330 aat aca aat cct gac caa aaa tgt ata act gct ttg gct tct att tgt 1779 Asn Thr Asn Pro Asp Gln Lys Cys Ile Thr Ala Leu Ala Ser Ile Cys 335 340 345 350 cag atg ttt tgt ttt tgg aga gga gat ctt gtc ttt gat ttt caa gtt 1827 Gln Met Phe Cys Phe Trp Arg Gly Asp Leu Val Phe Asp Phe Gln Val 355 360 365 ttt ccc acc aaa tat cat tca ggt aga tta ctg ttt tgt ttt gtt cct 1875 Phe Pro Thr Lys Tyr His Ser Gly Arg Leu Leu Phe Cys Phe Val Pro 370 375 380 ggc aat gag cta ata gat gtt tct gga atc aca tta aag caa gca act 1923 Gly Asn Glu Leu Ile Asp Val Ser Gly Ile Thr Leu Lys Gln Ala Thr 385 390 395 act gct cct tgt gca gta atg gat att aca gga gtg cag tca act ttg 1971 Thr Ala Pro Cys Ala Val Met Asp Ile Thr Gly Val Gln Ser Thr Leu 400 405 410 aga ttt cgt gtt ccc tgg att tct gac act cct tac aga gtg aac agg 2019 Arg Phe Arg Val Pro Trp Ile Ser Asp Thr Pro Tyr Arg Val Asn Arg 415 420 425 430 tat aca aag tca gca cat cag aaa ggt gag tac act gcc att ggg aag 2067 Tyr Thr Lys Ser Ala His Gln Lys Gly Glu Tyr Thr Ala Ile Gly Lys 435 440 445 ctt att gtg tat tgt tat aac aga ttg acc tct cct tct aac gtt gct 2115 Leu Ile Val Tyr Cys Tyr Asn Arg Leu Thr Ser Pro Ser Asn Val Ala 450 455 460 tcc cat gtc aga gtg aat gtt tat ctt tca gca att aac ttg gaa tgt 2163 Ser His Val Arg Val Asn Val Tyr Leu Ser Ala Ile Asn Leu Glu Cys 465 470 475 ttt gct cct ctt tat cat gct atg gat gtt act aca caa gtt gga gat 2211 Phe Ala Pro Leu Tyr His Ala Met Asp Val Thr Thr Gln Val Gly Asp 480 485 490 gat tct gga ggt ttt tca aca aca gtt tct aca gaa cag aat gtt cca 2259 Asp Ser Gly Gly Phe Ser Thr Thr Val Ser Thr Glu Gln Asn Val Pro 495 500 505 510 gat ccc caa gtt ggt ata aca acc atg aaa gat ttg aaa gga aaa gct 2307 Asp Pro Gln Val Gly Ile Thr Thr Met Lys Asp Leu Lys Gly Lys Ala 515 520 525 aac aga ggg aaa atg gat gtt tca gga gta caa gca cct gtg gga gct 2355 Asn Arg Gly Lys Met Asp Val Ser Gly Val Gln Ala Pro Val Gly Ala 530 535 540 atc aca aca att gag gat cca gtt tta gca aag aaa gta cct gag aca 2403 Ile Thr Thr Ile Glu Asp Pro Val Leu Ala Lys Lys Val Pro Glu Thr 545 550 555 ttt cct gaa ttg aaa cct gga gaa tcc aga cat aca tca gat cat atg 2451 Phe Pro Glu Leu Lys Pro Gly Glu Ser Arg His Thr Ser Asp His Met 560 565 570 tcc atc tac aag ttt atg gga agg tct cat ttc ttg tgc act ttt aca 2499 Ser Ile Tyr Lys Phe Met Gly Arg Ser His Phe Leu Cys Thr Phe Thr 575 580 585 590 ttc aat tca aat aat aaa gag tac aca ttt cct ata acc ttg tct tca 2547 Phe Asn Ser Asn Asn Lys Glu Tyr Thr Phe Pro Ile Thr Leu Ser Ser 595 600 605 acc tct aat cct cct cat ggt ttg cca tca aca ctg agg tgg ttt ttc 2595 Thr Ser Asn Pro Pro His Gly Leu Pro Ser Thr Leu Arg Trp Phe Phe 610 615 620 aac ttg ttt cag ttg tat aga ggg cct tta gat ctg aca att att att 2643 Asn Leu Phe Gln Leu Tyr Arg Gly Pro Leu Asp Leu Thr Ile Ile Ile 625 630 635 aca gga gca act gat gta gat ggc atg gcc tgg ttc act cca gta ggt 2691 Thr Gly Ala Thr Asp Val Asp Gly Met Ala Trp Phe Thr Pro Val Gly 640 645 650 ctt gcc gtt gat act cct tgg gta gag aag gag tca gct ttg tct att 2739 Leu Ala Val Asp Thr Pro Trp Val Glu Lys Glu Ser Ala Leu Ser Ile 655 660 665 670 gac tat aaa act gct ctt gga gct gtc aga ttt aac aca agg aga aca 2787 Asp Tyr Lys Thr Ala Leu Gly Ala Val Arg Phe Asn Thr Arg Arg Thr 675 680 685 ggg aac att cag att aga tta cca tgg tat tct tat tta tat gct gtg 2835 Gly Asn Ile Gln Ile Arg Leu Pro Trp Tyr Ser Tyr Leu Tyr Ala Val 690 695 700 tct gga gca ctg gat ggt ttg gga gac aag aca gat tct aca ttt gga 2883 Ser Gly Ala Leu Asp Gly Leu Gly Asp Lys Thr Asp Ser Thr Phe Gly 705 710 715 ttg gtt tct att cag att gca aat tac aat cat tct gat gaa tac ttg 2931 Leu Val Ser Ile Gln Ile Ala Asn Tyr Asn His Ser Asp Glu Tyr Leu 720 725 730 tct ttt agt tgt tat ttg tct gtc aca gaa caa tca gag ttt tat ttt 2979 Ser Phe Ser Cys Tyr Leu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Ser Glu Phe Tyr Phe 735 740 745 750 ccc aga gct cca ttg aac tca aat gcc atg tta tcc act gta aca atg 3027 Pro Arg Ala Pro Leu Asn Ser Asn Ala Met Leu Ser Thr Val Thr Met 755 760 765 atg agc aga att gca gct gga gac ttg gag tca tca gtg gat gat cct 3075 Met Ser Arg Ile Ala Ala Gly Asp Leu Glu Ser Ser Val Asp Asp Pro 770 775 780 aga tca gag gaa gat aaa aga ttt gag agt cat ata gaa tgc agg aag 3123 Arg Ser Glu Glu Asp Lys Arg Phe Glu Ser His Ile Glu Cys Arg Lys 785 790 795 cca tat aaa gaa ctg aga tta gaa gtt ggg aaa caa aga ctc aag tat 3171 Pro Tyr Lys Glu Leu Arg Leu Glu Val Gly Lys Gln Arg Leu Lys Tyr 800 805 810 gct cag gaa gaa ttg tca aat gaa gta ctt cca ccc cct agg aaa atg 3219 Ala Gln Glu Glu Leu Ser Asn Glu Val Leu Pro Pro Pro Arg Lys Met 815 820 825 830 aag gga ctg ttt tca caa gcc aaa att tct ctt ttt tat act gag gag 3267 Lys Gly Leu Phe Ser Gln Ala Lys Ile Ser Leu Phe Tyr Thr Glu Glu 835 840 845 cat gaa ata atg aag ttt tcc tgg aga ggt gtg act gct gat act aga 3315 His Glu Ile Met Lys Phe Ser Trp Arg Gly Val Thr Ala Asp Thr Arg 850 855 860 gct tta agg agg ttt gga ttc tct ttg gcc gca ggc aga agt gtg tgg 3363 Ala Leu Arg Arg Phe Gly Phe Ser Leu Ala Ala Gly Arg Ser Val Trp 865 870 875 act ctt gaa atg gat gct ggg gtt ctt act ggg aga ctg att aga ttg 3411 Thr Leu Glu Met Asp Ala Gly Val Leu Thr Gly Arg Leu Ile Arg Leu 880 885 890 aat gat gag aaa tgg aca gaa atg aag gat gac aag att gtt tca ttg 3459 Asn Asp Glu Lys Trp Thr Glu Met Lys Asp Asp Lys Ile Val Ser Leu 895 900 905 910 att gaa aag ttt aca agt aac aaa tat tgg tcc aaa gtg aat ttc cca 3507 Ile Glu Lys Phe Thr Ser Asn Lys Tyr Trp Ser Lys Val Asn Phe Pro 915 920 925 cat ggg atg ttg gat ctt gaa gaa att gct gcc aat tct aag gat ttt 3555 His Gly Met Leu Asp Leu Glu Glu Ile Ala Ala Asn Ser Lys Asp Phe 930 935 940 cct aac atg tct gaa acg gat ttg tgt ttc ttg ctg cat tgg tta aat 3603 Pro Asn Met Ser Glu Thr Asp Leu Cys Phe Leu Leu His Trp Leu Asn 945 950 955 cca aag aaa att aat tta gca gat aga atg ctt gga ttg tct gga gtt 3651 Pro Lys Lys Ile Asn Leu Ala Asp Arg Met Leu Gly Leu Ser Gly Val 960 965 970 cag gaa att aaa gaa caa ggt gtt gga tta ata gca gag tgt aga act 3699 Gln Glu Ile Lys Glu Gln Gly Val Gly Leu Ile Ala Glu Cys Arg Thr 975 980 985 990 ttc tta gat tct att gct gga act tta aaa tct atg atg ttt gga ttt 3747 Phe Leu Asp Ser Ile Ala Gly Thr Leu Lys Ser Met Met Phe Gly Phe 995 1000 1005 cat cat tct gtg act gtt gaa att ata aac act gtg ctc tgt ttt gtt 3795 His His Ser Val Thr Val Glu Ile Ile Asn Thr Val Leu Cys Phe Val 1010 1015 1020 aag agt gga att ttg ctt tat gta ata caa caa ttg aat cag gat gaa 3843 Lys Ser Gly Ile Leu Leu Tyr Val Ile Gln Gln Leu Asn Gln Asp Glu 1025 1030 1035 cat tct cac ata att ggt ttg ttg aga gtc atg aat tat gta gat att 3891 His Ser His Ile Ile Gly Leu Leu Arg Val Met Asn Tyr Val Asp Ile 1040 1045 1050 ggt tgt tca gtt att tca tgt gcc aaa gtt ttt tcc aga atg ctg gaa 3939 Gly Cys Ser Val Ile Ser Cys Ala Lys Val Phe Ser Arg Met Leu Glu 1055 1060 1065 1070 aca gtc ttt aat tgg caa atg gac tcc aga atg atg gag tta agg act 3987 Thr Val Phe Asn Trp Gln Met Asp Ser Arg Met Met Glu Leu Arg Thr 1075 1080 1085 cag agt ttt tcc aac tgg tta aga gat att tgt tct ggg atc acc att 4035 Gln Ser Phe Ser Asn Trp Leu Arg Asp Ile Cys Ser Gly Ile Thr Ile 1090 1095 1100 ttc aaa aac ttc aag gat gca att tat tgg ctt tat aca aaa tta atg 4083 Phe Lys Asn Phe Lys Asp Ala Ile Tyr Trp Leu Tyr Thr Lys Leu Met 1105 1110 1115 gac ttt tat gaa gtg aat tat ggc aag aag aag gac att tta aat att 4131 Asp Phe Tyr Glu Val Asn Tyr Gly Lys Lys Lys Asp Ile Leu Asn Ile 1120 1125 1130 ctt aaa gat aac caa caa aaa ata gag aaa gcc att gag gaa gcc gat 4179 Leu Lys Asp Asn Gln Gln Lys Ile Glu Lys Ala Ile Glu Glu Ala Asp 1135 1140 1145 1150 aaa ttt tgc att ttg caa atc caa gat gtg gaa aaa tct gaa cag tat 4227 Lys Phe Cys Ile Leu Gln Ile Gln Asp Val Glu Lys Ser Glu Gln Tyr 1155 1160 1165 cag aaa ggg gtt gac ttg ata caa aaa ttg aga act gtt cat tca atg 4275 Gln Lys Gly Val Asp Leu Ile Gln Lys Leu Arg Thr Val His Ser Met 1170 1175 1180 gct cag gtt gat cca aat tta atg gtt cat ttg tca cct ttg aga gat 4323 Ala Gln Val Asp Pro Asn Leu Met Val His Leu Ser Pro Leu Arg Asp 1185 1190 1195 tgt ata gca aga gtt cat cag aaa ctt aaa aac ctt gga tct ata aat 4371 Cys Ile Ala Arg Val His Gln Lys Leu Lys Asn Leu Gly Ser Ile Asn 1200 1205 1210 cag gca atg gta acg aga tgt gag cca gtt gtt tgt tat ttt tat ggc 4419 Gln Ala Met Val Thr Arg Cys Glu Pro Val Val Cys Tyr Phe Tyr Gly 1215 1220 1225 1230 aaa aga ggg gga gga aag agc tta aca tca att gca ttg gca acc aaa 4467 Lys Arg Gly Gly Gly Lys Ser Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Leu Ala Thr Lys 1235 1240 1245 att tgt aaa cat tat ggt gtt gag cct gaa aag aat atc tat act aaa 4515 Ile Cys Lys His Tyr Gly Val Glu Pro Glu Lys Asn Ile Tyr Thr Lys 1250 1255 1260 cct gtg gct tca gat tac tgg gat gga tat agt gga caa tta gtt tgc 4563 Pro Val Ala Ser Asp Tyr Trp Asp Gly Tyr Ser Gly Gln Leu Val Cys 1265 1270 1275 atc att gat gat att ggc caa aac aca aca gat gag gat tgg tca gat 4611 Ile Ile Asp Asp Ile Gly Gln Asn Thr Thr Asp Glu Asp Trp Ser Asp 1280 1285 1290 ttt tgt cag tta gtg tca gga tgt cct atg aga tta aac atg gcc tct 4659 Phe Cys Gln Leu Val Ser Gly Cys Pro Met Arg Leu Asn Met Ala Ser 1295 1300 1305 1310 ctt gag gag aag ggt agg cat ttt tct tct cct ttt ata ata gca act 4707 Leu Glu Glu Lys Gly Arg His Phe Ser Ser Pro Phe Ile Ile Ala Thr 1315 1320 1325 tca aat tgg tca aat cca agt cca aaa aca gtt tat gtt aag gaa gca 4755 Ser Asn Trp Ser Asn Pro Ser Pro Lys Thr Val Tyr Val Lys Glu Ala 1330 1335 1340 att gac cgc aga ctc cat ttc aag gtt gaa gtt aaa cct gct tca ttt 4803 Ile Asp Arg Arg Leu His Phe Lys Val Glu Val Lys Pro Ala Ser Phe 1345 1350 1355 ttc aaa aat cct cac aat gat atg ttg aat gtt aat tta gct aaa aca 4851 Phe Lys Asn Pro His Asn Asp Met Leu Asn Val Asn Leu Ala Lys Thr 1360 1365 1370 aat gat gca atc aaa gat atg tct tgt gtt gat ttg ata atg gat gga 4899 Asn Asp Ala Ile Lys Asp Met Ser Cys Val Asp Leu Ile Met Asp Gly 1375 1380 1385 1390 cat aat gtt tca ttg atg gat ttg ctc agt tct tta gtc atg aca gtt 4947 His Asn Val Ser Leu Met Asp Leu Leu Ser Ser Leu Val Met Thr Val 1395 1400 1405 gaa att aga aaa caa aac atg act gaa ttc atg gag ttg tgg tct cag 4995 Glu Ile Arg Lys Gln Asn Met Thr Glu Phe Met Glu Leu Trp Ser Gln 1410 1415 1420 gga att tca gat gat gat aat gat agt gca gta gct gag ttt ttc cag 5043 Gly Ile Ser Asp Asp Asp Asn Asp Ser Ala Val Ala Glu Phe Phe Gln 1425 1430 1435 tct ttt cca tct ggt gaa cca tcg aac tct aaa tta tct ggc ttt ttc 5091 Ser Phe Pro Ser Gly Glu Pro Ser Asn Ser Lys Leu Ser Gly Phe Phe 1440 1445 1450 caa tct gtt act aat cac aag tgg gtt gct gtg gga gct gca gtt ggc 5139 Gln Ser Val Thr Asn His Lys Trp Val Ala Val Gly Ala Ala Val Gly 1455 1460 1465 1470 gtt ctt gga gtg ctc gtt gga gga tgg ttt gtg tat aag cat ttc tcc 5187 Val Leu Gly Val Leu Val Gly Gly Trp Phe Val Tyr Lys His Phe Ser 1475 1480 1485 cgc aaa gag gaa gaa cca atc cca gct gaa ggg gta tat tat ggt gta 5235 Arg Lys Glu Glu Glu Pro Ile Pro Ala Glu Gly Val Tyr Tyr Gly Val 1490 1495 1500 act aag ccc aag caa gtg att aaa tta gat gca gat cca gta gaa tct 5283 Thr Lys Pro Lys Gln Val Ile Lys Leu Asp Ala Asp Pro Val Glu Ser 1505 1510 1515 cag tca act ttg gaa ata gca gga ctg gtt agg aag aac ttg gtt cag 5331 Gln Ser Thr Leu Glu Ile Ala Gly Leu Val Arg Lys Asn Leu Val Gln 1520 1525 1530 ttt gga gtt gga gag aag aat gga tgt gtg aga tgg gtt atg aat gcc 5379 Phe Gly Val Gly Glu Lys Asn Gly Cys Val Arg Trp Val Met Asn Ala 1535 1540 1545 1550 ttg gga gtg aaa gat gat tgg ctg ctt gtg cct tcc cat gct tat aaa 5427 Leu Gly Val Lys Asp Asp Trp Leu Leu Val Pro Ser His Ala Tyr Lys 1555 1560 1565 ttt gag aaa gat tat gaa atg atg gag ttt tat ttt aat aga ggt gga 5475 Phe Glu Lys Asp Tyr Glu Met Met Glu Phe Tyr Phe Asn Arg Gly Gly 1570 1575 1580 act tac tat tca att tca gct ggt aat gtt gtt att caa tct ttg gat 5523 Thr Tyr Tyr Ser Ile Ser Ala Gly Asn Val Val Ile Gln Ser Leu Asp 1585 1590 1595 gtg gga ttc cag gat gtt gtt ctg atg aag gtt cct aca att cct aag 5571 Val Gly Phe Gln Asp Val Val Leu Met Lys Val Pro Thr Ile Pro Lys 1600 1605 1610 ttt aga gat att act cag cat ttt att aag aaa ggg gat gtg cct aga 5619 Phe Arg Asp Ile Thr Gln His Phe Ile Lys Lys Gly Asp Val Pro Arg 1615 1620 1625 1630 gct ttg aat cgc ctg gca aca tta gtg aca act gta aat gga acc cct 5667 Ala Leu Asn Arg Leu Ala Thr Leu Val Thr Thr Val Asn Gly Thr Pro 1635 1640 1645 atg tta att tct gag ggc cca cta aag atg gaa gag aaa gct act tat 5715 Met Leu Ile Ser Glu Gly Pro Leu Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Ala Thr Tyr 1650 1655 1660 gtt cat aag aaa aat gat ggt aca tca gtt gat tta act gtg gat cag 5763 Val His Lys Lys Asn Asp Gly Thr Ser Val Asp Leu Thr Val Asp Gln 1665 1670 1675 gca tgg aga gga aaa ggc gaa ggt ctt cct gga atg tgt ggt ggg gcc 5811 Ala Trp Arg Gly Lys Gly Glu Gly Leu Pro Gly Met Cys Gly Gly Ala 1680 1685 1690 ttg gtt tca tcg aat caa tct ata cag aat gca atc ttg ggc atc cat 5859 Leu Val Ser Ser Asn Gln Ser Ile Gln Asn Ala Ile Leu Gly Ile His 1695 1700 1705 1710 gtt gct gga gga aat tca att ctt gtt gca aaa ttg gtt act caa gaa 5907 Val Ala Gly Gly Asn Ser Ile Leu Val Ala Lys Leu Val Thr Gln Glu 1715 1720 1725 atg ttc caa aat att gat aag aaa att gaa agt cag aga att atg aaa 5955 Met Phe Gln Asn Ile Asp Lys Lys Ile Glu Ser Gln Arg Ile Met Lys 1730 1735 1740 gtg gag ttt act cag tgt tca atg aat gtg gtc tcc aaa acg ctt ttt 6003 Val Glu Phe Thr Gln Cys Ser Met Asn Val Val Ser Lys Thr Leu Phe 1745 1750 1755 aga aag agt ccc att tat cat cac att gat aaa acc atg att aat ttt 6051 Arg Lys Ser Pro Ile Tyr His His Ile Asp Lys Thr Met Ile Asn Phe 1760 1765 1770 cct gca gct atg ccc ttt tct aaa gct gaa att gat cca atg gct gtg 6099 Pro Ala Ala Met Pro Phe Ser Lys Ala Glu Ile Asp Pro Met Ala Val 1775 1780 1785 1790 atg tta tct aag tat tca tta cct att gta gaa gaa cca gag aat tat 6147 Met Leu Ser Lys Tyr Ser Leu Pro Ile Val Glu Glu Pro Glu Asn Tyr 1795 1800 1805 aaa gag gct tca att ttt tat caa aat aaa ata gtg ggt aag act cag 6195 Lys Glu Ala Ser Ile Phe Tyr Gln Asn Lys Ile Val Gly Lys Thr Gln 1810 1815 1820 tta gtt gat gat ttt cta gat ctt gat atg gcc att aca ggg gcc cca 6243 Leu Val Asp Asp Phe Leu Asp Leu Asp Met Ala Ile Thr Gly Ala Pro 1825 1830 1835 gga att gat gct atc aac atg gat tca tct cct gga ttt cct tat gtc 6291 Gly Ile Asp Ala Ile Asn Met Asp Ser Ser Pro Gly Phe Pro Tyr Val 1840 1845 1850 cag gag aag ttg acc aaa aga gat tta att tgg ttg gat gaa aat ggt 6339 Gln Glu Lys Leu Thr Lys Arg Asp Leu Ile Trp Leu Asp Glu Asn Gly 1855 1860 1865 1870 tta ttg ctg gga gtt cat cca aga ttg gct cag aga atc tta ttc aat 6387 Leu Leu Leu Gly Val His Pro Arg Leu Ala Gln Arg Ile Leu Phe Asn 1875 1880 1885 act gtc atg atg gaa aat tgt tct gat ttg gat gtt gtt ttt aca acc 6435 Thr Val Met Met Glu Asn Cys Ser Asp Leu Asp Val Val Phe Thr Thr 1890 1895 1900 tgt cca aaa gat gaa ttg aga cca tta gag aaa gtg ttg gaa tca aaa 6483 Cys Pro Lys Asp Glu Leu Arg Pro Leu Glu Lys Val Leu Glu Ser Lys 1905 1910 1915 aca aga gct att gat gct tgt cct ctg gat tac aca att ttg tgc cga 6531 Thr Arg Ala Ile Asp Ala Cys Pro Leu Asp Tyr Thr Ile Leu Cys Arg 1920 1925 1930 atg tat tgg ggt cca gct att agt tat ttt cat ttg aat cca ggt ttc 6579 Met Tyr Trp Gly Pro Ala Ile Ser Tyr Phe His Leu Asn Pro Gly Phe 1935 1940 1945 1950 cat aca ggt gtt gct att ggc ata gat cct gat aga cag tgg gat gaa 6627 His Thr Gly Val Ala Ile Gly Ile Asp Pro Asp Arg Gln Trp Asp Glu 1955 1960 1965 tta ttt aaa aca atg ata aga ttc gga gat gtt ggt ctt gat tta gat 6675 Leu Phe Lys Thr Met Ile Arg Phe Gly Asp Val Gly Leu Asp Leu Asp 1970 1975 1980 ttc tct gct ttt gat gct agt ctt agt cca ttt atg att aga gaa gca 6723 Phe Ser Ala Phe Asp Ala Ser Leu Ser Pro Phe Met Ile Arg Glu Ala 1985 1990 1995 ggt aga atc atg agt gaa cta tct gga act cca tcc cat ttt ggc aca 6771 Gly Arg Ile Met Ser Glu Leu Ser Gly Thr Pro Ser His Phe Gly Thr 2000 2005 2010 gct ctt atc aat act atc att tat tcc aag cat ttg ctg tat aac tgt 6819 Ala Leu Ile Asn Thr Ile Ile Tyr Ser Lys His Leu Leu Tyr Asn Cys 2015 2020 2025 2030 tgt tac cat gtc tgt ggt tca atg ccc tct ggg tct cct tgt aca gct 6867 Cys Tyr His Val Cys Gly Ser Met Pro Ser Gly Ser Pro Cys Thr Ala 2035 2040 2045 ttg cta aat tca att att aat aat gtc aat ttg tac tat gtg ttt tcc 6915 Leu Leu Asn Ser Ile Ile Asn Asn Val Asn Leu Tyr Tyr Val Phe Ser 2050 2055 2060 aag ata ttt gga aag tct cca gtt ttc ttt tgt cag gct ttg aag att 6963 Lys Ile Phe Gly Lys Ser Pro Val Phe Phe Cys Gln Ala Leu Lys Ile 2065 2070 2075 ctc tgt tat gga gat gat gtt tta ata gtt ttc tct cga gat gtt cag 7011 Leu Cys Tyr Gly Asp Asp Val Leu Ile Val Phe Ser Arg Asp Val Gln 2080 2085 2090 att gat aat ctt gat ttg att gga caa aaa att gta gat gag ttt aag 7059 Ile Asp Asn Leu Asp Leu Ile Gly Gln Lys Ile Val Asp Glu Phe Lys 2095 2100 2105 2110 aaa ctt ggc atg aca gct act tct gct gac aag aat gta cct cag ctg 7107 Lys Leu Gly Met Thr Ala Thr Ser Ala Asp Lys Asn Val Pro Gln Leu 2115 2120 2125 aaa cca gtt tcg gaa ttg act ttt ctc aaa aga tct ttc aat ttg gta 7155 Lys Pro Val Ser Glu Leu Thr Phe Leu Lys Arg Ser Phe Asn Leu Val 2130 2135 2140 gag gat aga att aga cct gca att tcg gaa aaa aca att tgg tct tta 7203 Glu Asp Arg Ile Arg Pro Ala Ile Ser Glu Lys Thr Ile Trp Ser Leu 2145 2150 2155 ata gca tgg cag aga agt aac gct gag ttt gag cag aat tta gaa att 7251 Ile Ala Trp Gln Arg Ser Asn Ala Glu Phe Glu Gln Asn Leu Glu Ile 2160 2165 2170 gct cag tgg ttt gct ttt atg cat ggc tat gag ttt tat cag aaa ttt 7299 Ala Gln Trp Phe Ala Phe Met His Gly Tyr Glu Phe Tyr Gln Lys Phe 2175 2180 2185 2190 tat tat ttt gtt cag tcc tgt ttg gag aaa gag atg ata gaa tac aga 7347 Tyr Tyr Phe Val Gln Ser Cys Leu Glu Lys Glu Met Ile Glu Tyr Arg 2195 2200 2205 ctt aaa tct tat gat tgg tgg aga atg aga ttt tat gac cag tgt ttc 7395 Leu Lys Ser Tyr Asp Trp Trp Arg Met Arg Phe Tyr Asp Gln Cys Phe 2210 2215 2220 att tgt gac ctt tca tgatttgttt aaacgaattt tcttaaaatt tctgaggttt 7450 Ile Cys Asp Leu Ser 2225 gtttatttct tttatcagta aataaaaaaa aaaaaa 7486 4 2227 PRT Attenuated (4380) HAV, strain HM-175 4 Met Asn Met Ser Arg Gln Gly Ile Phe Gln Thr Val Gly Ser Gly Leu 1 5 10 15 Asp His Ile Leu Ser Leu Ala Asp Ile Glu Glu Glu Gln Met Ile Gln 20 25 30 Ser Val Asp Arg Thr Ala Val Thr Gly Ala Ser Tyr Phe Thr Ser Val 35 40 45 Asp Gln Ser Ser Val His Thr Ala Glu Val Gly Ser His Gln Val Glu 50 55 60 Pro Leu Arg Thr Ser Val Asp Lys Pro Gly Ser Lys Arg Thr Gln Gly 65 70 75 80 Glu Lys Phe Phe Leu Ile His Ser Ala Asp Trp Leu Thr Thr His Ala 85 90 95 Leu Phe His Glu Val Ala Lys Leu Asp Val Val Lys Leu Leu Tyr Asn 100 105 110 Glu Gln Phe Ala Val Gln Gly Leu Leu Arg Tyr His Thr Tyr Ala Arg 115 120 125 Phe Gly Ile Glu Ile Gln Val Gln Ile Asn Pro Thr Pro Phe Gln Gln 130 135 140 Gly Gly Leu Ile Cys Ala Met Val Pro Gly Asp Gln Ser Tyr Gly Ser 145 150 155 160 Ile Ala Ser Leu Thr Val Tyr Pro His Gly Leu Leu Asn Cys Asn Ile 165 170 175 Asn Asn Val Val Arg Ile Lys Val Pro Phe Ile Tyr Thr Arg Gly Ala 180 185 190 Tyr His Phe Lys Asp Pro Gln Tyr Pro Val Trp Glu Leu Thr Ile Arg 195 200 205 Val Trp Ser Glu Leu Asn Ile Gly Thr Gly Thr Ser Ala Tyr Thr Ser 210 215 220 Leu Asn Val Leu Ala Arg Phe Thr Asp Leu Glu Leu His Gly Leu Thr 225 230 235 240 Pro Leu Ser Thr Gln Met Met Arg Asn Glu Phe Arg Val Ser Thr Thr 245 250 255 Glu Asn Val Val Asn Leu Ser Asn Tyr Glu Asp Ala Arg Ala Lys Met 260 265 270 Ser Phe Ala Leu Asp Gln Glu Asp Trp Lys Ser Asp Pro Ser Gln Gly 275 280 285 Gly Gly Ile Lys Ile Thr His Phe Thr Thr Trp Thr Ser Ile Pro Thr 290 295 300 Leu Ala Ala Gln Phe Pro Phe Asn Ala Ser Asp Ser Val Gly Gln Gln 305 310 315 320 Ile Lys Val Ile Pro Val Asp Pro Tyr Phe Phe Gln Met Thr Asn Thr 325 330 335 Asn Pro Asp Gln Lys Cys Ile Thr Ala Leu Ala Ser Ile Cys Gln Met 340 345 350 Phe Cys Phe Trp Arg Gly Asp Leu Val Phe Asp Phe Gln Val Phe Pro 355 360 365 Thr Lys Tyr His Ser Gly Arg Leu Leu Phe Cys Phe Val Pro Gly Asn 370 375 380 Glu Leu Ile Asp Val Ser Gly Ile Thr Leu Lys Gln Ala Thr Thr Ala 385 390 395 400 Pro Cys Ala Val Met Asp Ile Thr Gly Val Gln Ser Thr Leu Arg Phe 405 410 415 Arg Val Pro Trp Ile Ser Asp Thr Pro Tyr Arg Val Asn Arg Tyr Thr 420 425 430 Lys Ser Ala His Gln Lys Gly Glu Tyr Thr Ala Ile Gly Lys Leu Ile 435 440 445 Val Tyr Cys Tyr Asn Arg Leu Thr Ser Pro Ser Asn Val Ala Ser His 450 455 460 Val Arg Val Asn Val Tyr Leu Ser Ala Ile Asn Leu Glu Cys Phe Ala 465 470 475 480 Pro Leu Tyr His Ala Met Asp Val Thr Thr Gln Val Gly Asp Asp Ser 485 490 495 Gly Gly Phe Ser Thr Thr Val Ser Thr Glu Gln Asn Val Pro Asp Pro 500 505 510 Gln Val Gly Ile Thr Thr Met Lys Asp Leu Lys Gly Lys Ala Asn Arg 515 520 525 Gly Lys Met Asp Val Ser Gly Val Gln Ala Pro Val Gly Ala Ile Thr 530 535 540 Thr Ile Glu Asp Pro Val Leu Ala Lys Lys Val Pro Glu Thr Phe Pro 545 550 555 560 Glu Leu Lys Pro Gly Glu Ser Arg His Thr Ser Asp His Met Ser Ile 565 570 575 Tyr Lys Phe Met Gly Arg Ser His Phe Leu Cys Thr Phe Thr Phe Asn 580 585 590 Ser Asn Asn Lys Glu Tyr Thr Phe Pro Ile Thr Leu Ser Ser Thr Ser 595 600 605 Asn Pro Pro His Gly Leu Pro Ser Thr Leu Arg Trp Phe Phe Asn Leu 610 615 620 Phe Gln Leu Tyr Arg Gly Pro Leu Asp Leu Thr Ile Ile Ile Thr Gly 625 630 635 640 Ala Thr Asp Val Asp Gly Met Ala Trp Phe Thr Pro Val Gly Leu Ala 645 650 655 Val Asp Thr Pro Trp Val Glu Lys Glu Ser Ala Leu Ser Ile Asp Tyr 660 665 670 Lys Thr Ala Leu Gly Ala Val Arg Phe Asn Thr Arg Arg Thr Gly Asn 675 680 685 Ile Gln Ile Arg Leu Pro Trp Tyr Ser Tyr Leu Tyr Ala Val Ser Gly 690 695 700 Ala Leu Asp Gly Leu Gly Asp Lys Thr Asp Ser Thr Phe Gly Leu Val 705 710 715 720 Ser Ile Gln Ile Ala Asn Tyr Asn His Ser Asp Glu Tyr Leu Ser Phe 725 730 735 Ser Cys Tyr Leu Ser Val Thr Glu Gln Ser Glu Phe Tyr Phe Pro Arg 740 745 750 Ala Pro Leu Asn Ser Asn Ala Met Leu Ser Thr Val Thr Met Met Ser 755 760 765 Arg Ile Ala Ala Gly Asp Leu Glu Ser Ser Val Asp Asp Pro Arg Ser 770 775 780 Glu Glu Asp Lys Arg Phe Glu Ser His Ile Glu Cys Arg Lys Pro Tyr 785 790 795 800 Lys Glu Leu Arg Leu Glu Val Gly Lys Gln Arg Leu Lys Tyr Ala Gln 805 810 815 Glu Glu Leu Ser Asn Glu Val Leu Pro Pro Pro Arg Lys Met Lys Gly 820 825 830 Leu Phe Ser Gln Ala Lys Ile Ser Leu Phe Tyr Thr Glu Glu His Glu 835 840 845 Ile Met Lys Phe Ser Trp Arg Gly Val Thr Ala Asp Thr Arg Ala Leu 850 855 860 Arg Arg Phe Gly Phe Ser Leu Ala Ala Gly Arg Ser Val Trp Thr Leu 865 870 875 880 Glu Met Asp Ala Gly Val Leu Thr Gly Arg Leu Ile Arg Leu Asn Asp 885 890 895 Glu Lys Trp Thr Glu Met Lys Asp Asp Lys Ile Val Ser Leu Ile Glu 900 905 910 Lys Phe Thr Ser Asn Lys Tyr Trp Ser Lys Val Asn Phe Pro His Gly 915 920 925 Met Leu Asp Leu Glu Glu Ile Ala Ala Asn Ser Lys Asp Phe Pro Asn 930 935 940 Met Ser Glu Thr Asp Leu Cys Phe Leu Leu His Trp Leu Asn Pro Lys 945 950 955 960 Lys Ile Asn Leu Ala Asp Arg Met Leu Gly Leu Ser Gly Val Gln Glu 965 970 975 Ile Lys Glu Gln Gly Val Gly Leu Ile Ala Glu Cys Arg Thr Phe Leu 980 985 990 Asp Ser Ile Ala Gly Thr Leu Lys Ser Met Met Phe Gly Phe His His 995 1000 1005 Ser Val Thr Val Glu Ile Ile Asn Thr Val Leu Cys Phe Val Lys Ser 1010 1015 1020 Gly Ile Leu Leu Tyr Val Ile Gln Gln Leu Asn Gln Asp Glu His Ser 1025 1030 1035 1040 His Ile Ile Gly Leu Leu Arg Val Met Asn Tyr Val Asp Ile Gly Cys 1045 1050 1055 Ser Val Ile Ser Cys Ala Lys Val Phe Ser Arg Met Leu Glu Thr Val 1060 1065 1070 Phe Asn Trp Gln Met Asp Ser Arg Met Met Glu Leu Arg Thr Gln Ser 1075 1080 1085 Phe Ser Asn Trp Leu Arg Asp Ile Cys Ser Gly Ile Thr Ile Phe Lys 1090 1095 1100 Asn Phe Lys Asp Ala Ile Tyr Trp Leu Tyr Thr Lys Leu Met Asp Phe 1105 1110 1115 1120 Tyr Glu Val Asn Tyr Gly Lys Lys Lys Asp Ile Leu Asn Ile Leu Lys 1125 1130 1135 Asp Asn Gln Gln Lys Ile Glu Lys Ala Ile Glu Glu Ala Asp Lys Phe 1140 1145 1150 Cys Ile Leu Gln Ile Gln Asp Val Glu Lys Ser Glu Gln Tyr Gln Lys 1155 1160 1165 Gly Val Asp Leu Ile Gln Lys Leu Arg Thr Val His Ser Met Ala Gln 1170 1175 1180 Val Asp Pro Asn Leu Met Val His Leu Ser Pro Leu Arg Asp Cys Ile 1185 1190 1195 1200 Ala Arg Val His Gln Lys Leu Lys Asn Leu Gly Ser Ile Asn Gln Ala 1205 1210 1215 Met Val Thr Arg Cys Glu Pro Val Val Cys Tyr Phe Tyr Gly Lys Arg 1220 1225 1230 Gly Gly Gly Lys Ser Leu Thr Ser Ile Ala Leu Ala Thr Lys Ile Cys 1235 1240 1245 Lys His Tyr Gly Val Glu Pro Glu Lys Asn Ile Tyr Thr Lys Pro Val 1250 1255 1260 Ala Ser Asp Tyr Trp Asp Gly Tyr Ser Gly Gln Leu Val Cys Ile Ile 1265 1270 1275 1280 Asp Asp Ile Gly Gln Asn Thr Thr Asp Glu Asp Trp Ser Asp Phe Cys 1285 1290 1295 Gln Leu Val Ser Gly Cys Pro Met Arg Leu Asn Met Ala Ser Leu Glu 1300 1305 1310 Glu Lys Gly Arg His Phe Ser Ser Pro Phe Ile Ile Ala Thr Ser Asn 1315 1320 1325 Trp Ser Asn Pro Ser Pro Lys Thr Val Tyr Val Lys Glu Ala Ile Asp 1330 1335 1340 Arg Arg Leu His Phe Lys Val Glu Val Lys Pro Ala Ser Phe Phe Lys 1345 1350 1355 1360 Asn Pro His Asn Asp Met Leu Asn Val Asn Leu Ala Lys Thr Asn Asp 1365 1370 1375 Ala Ile Lys Asp Met Ser Cys Val Asp Leu Ile Met Asp Gly His Asn 1380 1385 1390 Val Ser Leu Met Asp Leu Leu Ser Ser Leu Val Met Thr Val Glu Ile 1395 1400 1405 Arg Lys Gln Asn Met Thr Glu Phe Met Glu Leu Trp Ser Gln Gly Ile 1410 1415 1420 Ser Asp Asp Asp Asn Asp Ser Ala Val Ala Glu Phe Phe Gln Ser Phe 1425 1430 1435 1440 Pro Ser Gly Glu Pro Ser Asn Ser Lys Leu Ser Gly Phe Phe Gln Ser 1445 1450 1455 Val Thr Asn His Lys Trp Val Ala Val Gly Ala Ala Val Gly Val Leu 1460 1465 1470 Gly Val Leu Val Gly Gly Trp Phe Val Tyr Lys His Phe Ser Arg Lys 1475 1480 1485 Glu Glu Glu Pro Ile Pro Ala Glu Gly Val Tyr Tyr Gly Val Thr Lys 1490 1495 1500 Pro Lys Gln Val Ile Lys Leu Asp Ala Asp Pro Val Glu Ser Gln Ser 1505 1510 1515 1520 Thr Leu Glu Ile Ala Gly Leu Val Arg Lys Asn Leu Val Gln Phe Gly 1525 1530 1535 Val Gly Glu Lys Asn Gly Cys Val Arg Trp Val Met Asn Ala Leu Gly 1540 1545 1550 Val Lys Asp Asp Trp Leu Leu Val Pro Ser His Ala Tyr Lys Phe Glu 1555 1560 1565 Lys Asp Tyr Glu Met Met Glu Phe Tyr Phe Asn Arg Gly Gly Thr Tyr 1570 1575 1580 Tyr Ser Ile Ser Ala Gly Asn Val Val Ile Gln Ser Leu Asp Val Gly 1585 1590 1595 1600 Phe Gln Asp Val Val Leu Met Lys Val Pro Thr Ile Pro Lys Phe Arg 1605 1610 1615 Asp Ile Thr Gln His Phe Ile Lys Lys Gly Asp Val Pro Arg Ala Leu 1620 1625 1630 Asn Arg Leu Ala Thr Leu Val Thr Thr Val Asn Gly Thr Pro Met Leu 1635 1640 1645 Ile Ser Glu Gly Pro Leu Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Ala Thr Tyr Val His 1650 1655 1660 Lys Lys Asn Asp Gly Thr Ser Val Asp Leu Thr Val Asp Gln Ala Trp 1665 1670 1675 1680 Arg Gly Lys Gly Glu Gly Leu Pro Gly Met Cys Gly Gly Ala Leu Val 1685 1690 1695 Ser Ser Asn Gln Ser Ile Gln Asn Ala Ile Leu Gly Ile His Val Ala 1700 1705 1710 Gly Gly Asn Ser Ile Leu Val Ala Lys Leu Val Thr Gln Glu Met Phe 1715 1720 1725 Gln Asn Ile Asp Lys Lys Ile Glu Ser Gln Arg Ile Met Lys Val Glu 1730 1735 1740 Phe Thr Gln Cys Ser Met Asn Val Val Ser Lys Thr Leu Phe Arg Lys 1745 1750 1755 1760 Ser Pro Ile Tyr His His Ile Asp Lys Thr Met Ile Asn Phe Pro Ala 1765 1770 1775 Ala Met Pro Phe Ser Lys Ala Glu Ile Asp Pro Met Ala Val Met Leu 1780 1785 1790 Ser Lys Tyr Ser Leu Pro Ile Val Glu Glu Pro Glu Asn Tyr Lys Glu 1795 1800 1805 Ala Ser Ile Phe Tyr Gln Asn Lys Ile Val Gly Lys Thr Gln Leu Val 1810 1815 1820 Asp Asp Phe Leu Asp Leu Asp Met Ala Ile Thr Gly Ala Pro Gly Ile 1825 1830 1835 1840 Asp Ala Ile Asn Met Asp Ser Ser Pro Gly Phe Pro Tyr Val Gln Glu 1845 1850 1855 Lys Leu Thr Lys Arg Asp Leu Ile Trp Leu Asp Glu Asn Gly Leu Leu 1860 1865 1870 Leu Gly Val His Pro Arg Leu Ala Gln Arg Ile Leu Phe Asn Thr Val 1875 1880 1885 Met Met Glu Asn Cys Ser Asp Leu Asp Val Val Phe Thr Thr Cys Pro 1890 1895 1900 Lys Asp Glu Leu Arg Pro Leu Glu Lys Val Leu Glu Ser Lys Thr Arg 1905 1910 1915 1920 Ala Ile Asp Ala Cys Pro Leu Asp Tyr Thr Ile Leu Cys Arg Met Tyr 1925 1930 1935 Trp Gly Pro Ala Ile Ser Tyr Phe His Leu Asn Pro Gly Phe His Thr 1940 1945 1950 Gly Val Ala Ile Gly Ile Asp Pro Asp Arg Gln Trp Asp Glu Leu Phe 1955 1960 1965 Lys Thr Met Ile Arg Phe Gly Asp Val Gly Leu Asp Leu Asp Phe Ser 1970 1975 1980 Ala Phe Asp Ala Ser Leu Ser Pro Phe Met Ile Arg Glu Ala Gly Arg 1985 1990 1995 2000 Ile Met Ser Glu Leu Ser Gly Thr Pro Ser His Phe Gly Thr Ala Leu 2005 2010 2015 Ile Asn Thr Ile Ile Tyr Ser Lys His Leu Leu Tyr Asn Cys Cys Tyr 2020 2025 2030 His Val Cys Gly Ser Met Pro Ser Gly Ser Pro Cys Thr Ala Leu Leu 2035 2040 2045 Asn Ser Ile Ile Asn Asn Val Asn Leu Tyr Tyr Val Phe Ser Lys Ile 2050 2055 2060 Phe Gly Lys Ser Pro Val Phe Phe Cys Gln Ala Leu Lys Ile Leu Cys 2065 2070 2075 2080 Tyr Gly Asp Asp Val Leu Ile Val Phe Ser Arg Asp Val Gln Ile Asp 2085 2090 2095 Asn Leu Asp Leu Ile Gly Gln Lys Ile Val Asp Glu Phe Lys Lys Leu 2100 2105 2110 Gly Met Thr Ala Thr Ser Ala Asp Lys Asn Val Pro Gln Leu Lys Pro 2115 2120 2125 Val Ser Glu Leu Thr Phe Leu Lys Arg Ser Phe Asn Leu Val Glu Asp 2130 2135 2140 Arg Ile Arg Pro Ala Ile Ser Glu Lys Thr Ile Trp Ser Leu Ile Ala 2145 2150 2155 2160 Trp Gln Arg Ser Asn Ala Glu Phe Glu Gln Asn Leu Glu Ile Ala Gln 2165 2170 2175 Trp Phe Ala Phe Met His Gly Tyr Glu Phe Tyr Gln Lys Phe Tyr Tyr 2180 2185 2190 Phe Val Gln Ser Cys Leu Glu Lys Glu Met Ile Glu Tyr Arg Leu Lys 2195 2200 2205 Ser Tyr Asp Trp Trp Arg Met Arg Phe Tyr Asp Gln Cys Phe Ile Cys 2210 2215 2220 Asp Leu Ser 2225 

What is claimed is:
 1. A hepatitis A virus HAV 4380 having Institute Pasteur Accession No. I-936, where said virus is characterized by the ability to grow in MRC-5 cells.
 2. A vaccine composition useful for protecting humans or primates against hepatitis A, said vaccine comprising the hepatitis A virus of claim
 1. 3. A method for protecting a human or primate against hepatitis A, said method comprising administering the vaccine of claim 1 to said human or primate in an amount effective to protect said human or primate against hepatitis A.
 4. A hepatitis A virus encoded by a nucleic acid molecule having the nucleic acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO:3.
 5. A hepatitis A vaccine comprising the virus of claim
 4. 6. A method for protecting a human or primate against hepatitis A, said method comprising administering the vaccine of claim 5 to said human or primate in an amount effective to protect said human or primate against hepatitis A. 